Following the breakthrough of Croot, Lev, and Pach, Tao introduced a symmetrized version of their argument, which is now known as the slice rank method. In this paper, we introduce a more general version of the slice rank of a tensor, which we call the Partition Rank. This allows us to extend the slice rank method to problems that require the variables to be distinct. Using the partition rank, we generalize a recent result of Ge and Shangguan, and prove that any set $A\subset\mathbb{F}_{q}^{n}$ of size \[|A|>\binom{n+(k-1)q}{(k-1)(q-1)}\] contains a $k$-right-corner, that is distinct vectors $x_{1},\dots,x_{k},x_{k+1}$ where $x_{1}-x_{k+1},\dots,x_{k}-x_{k+1}$ are mutually orthogonal, for $q=p^{r}$, a prime power with $p>k$.
We give three proofs of the following result conjectured by Carriegos, De Castro-Garc\'ıa and Muñoz Castañeda in their work on enumeration of control systems: when $\binom{k+1}{2} \le n < \binom{k+2}{2}$, there are as many partitions of $n$ with $k$ corners as pairs of partitions $(α, β)$ such that $\binom{k+1}{2} + |α| + |β| = n$.
We explore some probabilistic applications arising in connections with $K$-theoretic symmetric functions. For instance, we determine certain corner distributions of random lozenge tilings and plane partitions. We also introduce some distributions that are naturally related to the corner growth model. Our main tools are dual symmetric Grothendieck polynomials and normalized Schur functions.
We resolve a conjecture of Albert and Bousquet-Melou enumerating quarter-plane walks with fixed horizontal and vertical projections according to their upper-right-corner count modulo 2. In doing this, we introduce a signed upper-right-corner count statistic. We find its distribution over planar walks with any choice of fixed horizontal and vertical projections. Additionally, we prove that the polynomial counting loops with a fixed horizontal and vertical projection according to the absolute value of their signed upper-right-corner count is $(x+1)$-positive. Finally, we conjecture an equivalenc…
Recently, Chen et al. derived the generating function for partitions avoiding right nestings and posed the problem of finding the generating function for partitions avoiding right crossings. In this paper, we derive the generating function for partitions avoiding right crossings via an intermediate structure of partial matchings avoiding 2-right crossings and right nestings. We show that there is a bijection between partial matchings avoiding 2-right crossing and right nestings and partitions avoiding right crossings.
Motivated by the enumeration of a class of plane partitions studied by Proctor and by considerations about symmetry classes of plane partitions, we consider the problem of enumerating lozenge tilings of a hexagon with ``maximal staircases'' removed from some of its vertices. The case of one vertex corresponds to Proctor's problem. For two vertices there are several cases to consider, and most of them lead to nice enumeration formulas. For three or more vertices there do not seem to exist nice product formulas in general, but in one special situation a lot of factorization occurs, and we pose t…
It was proved by Ron Graham and the second author that for any coloring of the $N \times N$ grid using fewer than $\log \log N$ colours, one can always find a monochromatic isosceles right triangle, a triangle with vertex coordinates $(x, y),(x + d, y),$ and $(x, y + d).$ In this paper we are asking questions where not only axis-parallel, but tilted isosceles right triangles are considered as well. Both colouring and density variants of the problem will be discussed.
We characterize sequences of positive integers $(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_n)$ for which the $2\times2$ matrix $\left( \begin{array}{cc} a_n&-1 1&0 \end{array} \right) \left( \begin{array}{cc} a_{n-1}&-1 1&0 \end{array} \right) \cdots \left( \begin{array}{cc} a_1&-1 1&0 \end{array} \right) $ is either the identity matrix $\mathrm Id$, its negative $-\mathrm Id$, or square root of $-\mathrm Id$. This extends a theorem of Conway and Coxeter that classifies such solutions subject to a total positivity restriction.
For each infinite cardinal $κ$ and each graph $G=(V,E)$, we say that a partition $π:V\rightarrow \left\{ 0,1\right\} $ is $κ$-unfriendly if, for each $x\in V$, $\left| \left\{ y\in V\mid \left\{ x,y\right\} \in E\text{ and }π(y)\neq π(x)\right\} \right| $ is $\geq \left| \left\{ y\in V\mid \left\{ x,y\right\} \in E\text{ and }π(y)=π(x)\right\} \right| $ or $\geq κ$; $π$ is unfriendly if the first property is true for each $x\in V$. Some uncountable graphs of infinite minimum degree without unfriendly partition have been constructed by S. Shelah and E.C. Milner, but it is not presently known if…
We present a natural multiplicative theory of integer partitions (which are usually considered in terms of addition), and find many theorems of classical number theory arise as particular cases of extremely general combinatorial structure laws. We then see that the relatively recently-defined $q$-bracket operator $\left<f\right>_q$, studied by Bloch-Okounkov, Zagier, and others for its quasimodular properties, plays a deep role in the theory of partitions, quite apart from questions of modularity. Moreover, we give an explicit formula for the coefficients of $\left<f\right>_q$ for any function…
In this paper, we propose an $(s+d,d)$-abacus for $(s,s+d,\dots,s+pd)$-core partitions and establish a bijection between the $(s,s+d,\dots,s+pd)$-core partitions and the rational Motzkin paths of type $(s+d,-d)$. This result not only gives a lattice path interpretation of the $(s,s+d,\dots,s+pd)$-core partitions but also counts them with a closed formula. Also we enumerate $(s,s+1,\dots,s+p)$-core partitions with $k$ corners and self-conjugate $(s,s+1,\dots,s+p)$-core partitions.
We study some combinatorial properties of higher-dimensional partitions which generalize plane partitions. We present a natural bijection between $d$-dimensional partitions and $d$-dimensional arrays of nonnegative integers. This bijection has a number of important applications. We introduce a statistic on $d$-dimensional partitions, called the corner-hook volume, whose generating function has the formula of MacMahon's conjecture. We obtain multivariable formulas whose specializations give analogues of various formulas known for plane partitions. We also introduce higher-dimensional analogues …
We investigate the standard context, denoted by $\mathbb{K}\left(\mathcal{L}_{n}\right)$, of the lattice $\mathcal{L}_{n}$ of partitions of a positive integer $n$ under the dominance order. Motivated by the discrete dynamical model to study integer partitions by Latapy and Duong Phan and by the characterization of the supremum and (infimum) irreducible partitions of $n$ by Brylawski, we show how to construct the join-irreducible elements of $\mathcal{L}_{n+1}$ from $\mathcal{L}_{n}$. We employ this construction to count the number of join-irreducible elements of $\mathcal{L}_{n}$, and show tha…
Recent works at the interface of algebraic combinatorics, algebraic geometry, number theory, and topology have provided new integer-valued invariants on integer partitions. It is natural to consider the distribution of partitions when sorted by these invariants in congruence classes. We consider the prominent situations which arise from extensions of the Nekrasov-Okounkov hook product formula, and from Betti numbers of various Hilbert schemes of $n$ points on $\mathbb{C}^2.$ For the Hilbert schemes, we prove that homology is equidistributed as $n\to \infty.$ For $t$-hooks, we prove distributio…
A partition is called an $(s_1,s_2,\dots,s_p)$-core partition if it is simultaneously an $s_i$-core for all $i=1,2,\dots,p$. Simultaneous core partitions have been actively studied in various directions. In particular, researchers concerned with properties of such partitions when the sequence of $s_i$ is an arithmetic progression. In this paper, for $p\geq 2$ and relatively prime positive integers $s$ and $d$, we propose the $(s+d,d;a)$-abacus of a self-conjugate partition and establish a bijection between the set of self-conjugate $(s,s+d,\dots,s+pd)$-core partitions and the set of free ratio…
Let $f: \mathbb{Z}_+\rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_+$ be a polynomial with the property that corresponding to every prime $p$ there exists an integer $\ell$ such that $p\nmid f(\ell)$. In this paper, we establish some equidistributed results between the number of partitions of an integer $n$ whose parts are taken from the sequence $\{f(\ell)\}_{\ell=1}^{\infty}$ and the number of parts of those partitions which are in a certain arithmetic progression.
Let $G$ be a graph of order $n$. The maximum and minimum degree of $G$ are denoted by $Δ$ and $δ$ respectively. The \emph{path partition number} $μ(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of paths needed to partition the vertices of $G$. Magnant, Wang and Yuan conjectured that $μ(G)\leq \max \left \{ \frac{n}{δ+1}, \frac{\left( Δ-δ\right) n}{\left( Δ+δ\right) }\right \} .$ In this work, we give a positive answer to this conjecture, for $ Δ\geq 2 δ$.\medskip \end{abstract}
A finite or infinite matrix $A$ is image partition regular provided that whenever $\mathbb{N}$ is finitely colored, there must be some $\overset{\rightarrow}{x}$ with entries from $\mathbb{N}$ such that all entries of $A \overset{\rightarrow}{x}$ are in the same color class. Comparing to the finite case, infinite image partition regular matrices seem more harder to analyze. The concept of centrally image partition regular matrices were introduced to extend the results of finite image partition regular matrices to infinite one. In this paper, we shall introduce the notion of C-image partition r…
This paper addresses the problem of finding $Q_{m,t}\left(n\right)$, the number of possible ways to partition any member $n$ of the cyclic group $\mathbb{Z}/m\mathbb{Z}$ into $t$ distinct parts. When $m$ is odd, it was previously known that the number of partitions of the identity element $0\bmod m$ with distinct parts is equal to the number of possible bi-color necklaces with $m$ beads. This paper will expand upon this result by showing the equivalence between $Q_{m,t}\left(n\right)$ and the number of bi-color necklaces meeting certain periodicity requirements, even when $m$ is even.
We obtain the generating functions for partial matchings avoiding neighbor alignments and for partial matchings avoiding neighbor alignments and left nestings. We show that there is a bijection between partial matchings avoiding three neighbor patterns (neighbor alignments, left nestings and right nestings) and set partitions avoiding right nestings via an intermediate structure of integer compositions. Such integer compositions are known to be in one-to-one correspondence with self-modified ascent sequences or $3\bar{1}52\bar{4}$-avoiding permutations, as shown by Bousquet-Mélou, Claesson, Du…
We investigate the game of cops and robber, played on a finite graph, between one cop and one robber. If the cop can force a win on a graph, the graph is called cop-win. We describe a procedure we call corner ranking, performed on a graph, which assigns a positive integer or $\infty$ to each vertex. We give a characterization of cop-win in terms of corner rank and also show that the well-known characterization of cop-win via dismantling orderings follows from our work. From the corner rank we can determine the capture time of a graph, i.e. the number of turns the cop needs to win. We describe …
Let $p_{k,3}(n)$ enumerate the number of 2-color partition triples of $n$ where one of the colors appears only in parts that are multiples of $k$. In this paper, we prove several infinite families of congruences modulo powers of 3 for $p_{k,3}(n)$ with $k=1, 3$, and $9$. For example, for all integers $n\geq0$ and $α\geq1$, we prove that \begin{align*} p_{3,3}\left(3^αn+\dfrac{3^α+1}{2}\right) &\equiv0\pmod{3^{α+1}} \end{align*} and \begin{align*} p_{3,3}\left(3^{α+1}n+\dfrac{5\times3^α+1}{2}\right) &\equiv0\pmod{3^{α+4}}. \end{align*}
A $(k,\ell)$-partition is a set partition which has $\ell$ blocks each of size $k$. Two uniform set partitions $P$ and $Q$ are said to be partially $t$-intersecting if there exist blocks $P_{i}$ in $P$ and $Q_{j}$ in $Q$ such that $\left| P_{i} \cap Q_{j} \right|\geq t$. In this paper we prove a version of the Erdős-Ko-Rado theorem for partially $2$-intersecting $(k,\ell)$-partitions. In particular, we show for $\ell$ sufficiently large, the set of all $(k,\ell)$-partitions in which a block contains a fixed pair is the largest set of 2-partially intersecting $(k,\ell)$-partitions. For for $k=3…
We prove that if $G$ is a graph and $r_1, ..., r_k \in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}$ such that $\sum_{i=1}^k r_i \geq Δ(G) + 2 - k$ then $V(G)$ can be partitioned into sets $V_1, ..., V_k$ such that $Δ(G[V_i]) \leq r_i$ and $G[V_i]$ contains no non-complete $r_i$-regular components for each $1 \leq i \leq k$. In particular, the vertex set of any graph $G$ can be partitioned into $\left \lceil \frac{Δ(G) + 2}{3} \right \rceil$ sets, each of which induces a disjoint union of triangles and paths.
In the intersection of the theories of nonsymmetric Jack polynomials in $N$ variables and representations of the symmetric groups $\mathcal{S}_{N}$ one finds the singular polynomials. For certain values of the parameter $κ$ there are Jack polynomials which span an irreducible $\mathcal{S}_{N}$-module and are annihilated by the Dunkl operators. The $\mathcal{S}_{N}$-module is labeled by a partition of $N$, called the isotype of the polynomials. In this paper the Jack polynomials are of the vector-valued type, that is, elements of the tensor product of the scalar polynomials with the span of rev…
We consider a partially asymmetric exclusion process (PASEP) on a finite number of sites with open and directed boundary conditions. Its partition function was calculated by Blythe, Evans, Colaiori, and Essler. It is known to be a generating function of permutation tableaux by the combinatorial interpretation of Corteel and Williams. We prove bijectively two new combinatorial interpretations. The first one is in terms of weighted Motzkin paths called Laguerre histories and is obtained by refining a bijection of Foata and Zeilberger. Secondly we show that this partition function is the generati…
