用量子克隆确定互补性质
Determining complementary properties with quantum clones
摘要：
在经典世界中，同时测量互补性质（例如位置和动量）给出系统的状态。在量子力学中，测量引起的扰动对于互补性质是最大的，因此限制了同时确定这些性质的精度。试图通过复制系统并在单独的副本上测量每个互补属性来避开这种干扰是很诱人的。然而，在量子力学中，完美的复制在物理上是不可能的。在这里，我们研究使用最接近这种复制策略的量子模拟，最优克隆。生成的克隆态的相干部分对应于输入系统的“孪生”。就像完美的复制品一样，这两个双胞胎都忠实地复制了输入系统的属性。与完美的复制品不同，双胞胎是纠缠在一起的。因此，对两个双胞胎的测量等同于对输入系统的同时测量。对于互补观测量，这种联合测量给出了系统的状态，就像经典情况一样。我们用偏振单光子实验证明了这一点。
英文摘要：
In a classical world, simultaneous measurements of complementary properties (e.g. position and momentum) give a system's state. In quantum mechanics, measurement-induced disturbance is largest for complementary properties and, hence, limits the precision with which such properties can be determined simultaneously. It is tempting to try to sidestep this disturbance by copying the system and measuring each complementary property on a separate copy. However, perfect copying is physically impossible in quantum mechanics. Here, we investigate using the closest quantum analog to this copying strategy, optimal cloning. The coherent portion of the generated clones' state corresponds to "twins" of the input system. Like perfect copies, both twins faithfully reproduce the properties of the input system. Unlike perfect copies, the twins are entangled. As such, a measurement on both twins is equivalent to a simultaneous measurement on the input system. For complementary observables, this joint measurement gives the system's state, just as in the classical case. We demonstrate this experimentally using polarized single photons.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
