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arXiv 1701.00482astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA
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低质量早型星系X射线点源群NGC ~7457的深Chandra观测

Deep Chandra observations of NGC~7457, the X-ray point source populations of a low mass early-type galaxy

Mark B. Peacock, Stephen E. Zepf, Arunav Kundu, Thomas J. Maccarone, Bret D. Lehmer, Anthony H. Gonzalez, Claudia Maraston

摘要:

根据124 k s的Chandra观测数据,给出了NGC 7457的X射线点源总体。早期星系中低质量X射线双星(LMXB)的钱德拉深观测通常针对大质量星系的大量人口。NGC 7457是一个邻近的早期型星系,恒星光度为$1.7\times10^{10} L_{K\odot}$,使我们能够研究相对低质量星系中的人口。我们将探测到的X射线源分为场LMXB、球状星团LMXB和背景活动星系核。我们在NGC 7457的$r_{ext}$椭圆(半长轴$\sim$为9.1 kpc,椭圆率= 0.55)内检测到10个场LMXB。相应的LMXB的数量与$L_{x}>2\times10^{37}erg/s$/恒星光度是一致的,在更大的星系,$\sim 7$/$10^{10} L_{K\odot}$。我们在这些HST数据中检测到一个小的球状星团人口,并表明其颜色分布可能是双峰的,其特定的频率与其他早期类型的星系相似。然而,没有从这些星团中检测到X射线发射。使用已公布的其他星系的数据,我们表明,这种非检测与这些星系团的小恒星质量是一致的。我们估计,在富金属(和贫金属)球状星团中,每个$10^{6}M_{\odot}$预计有0.11(和0.03)个LMXB。这相当于每个$10^{10} L_{K\odot}$有1100(和330)个LMXB,突出了球状星团中LMXB的形成效率提高。用不同于$2.8-6.8\times10^{38}erg/s$的$L_{x}$检测核X射线源。结合这个$L_{x}$与已发表的对NGC 7457中心SMBH的动力学质量估计,我们发现$L_{x}/L_{Edd}$与$0.5-1.3\times10^{-6}$不同。

英文摘要:

We present the X-ray point source population of NGC 7457 based on 124 ks of Chandra observations. Previous deep Chandra observations of low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) in early-type galaxies have typically targeted the large populations of massive galaxies. NGC 7457 is a nearby, early-type galaxy with a stellar luminosity of $1.7\times10^{10} L_{K\odot}$, allowing us to investigate the populations in a relatively low mass galaxy. We classify the detected X-ray sources into field LMXBs, globular cluster LMXBs, and background AGN based on identifying optical counterparts in new HST/ACS images. We detect 10 field LMXBs within the $r_{ext}$ ellipse of NGC 7457 (with semi-major axis $\sim$ 9.1 kpc, ellipticity = 0.55). The corresponding number of LMXBs with $L_{x}>2\times10^{37}erg/s$ per stellar luminosity is consistent with that observed in more massive galaxies, $\sim 7$ per $10^{10} L_{K\odot}$. We detect a small globular cluster population in these HST data and show that its colour distribution is likely bimodal and that its specific frequency is similar to that of other early type galaxies. However, no X-ray emission is detected from any of these clusters. Using published data for other galaxies, we show that this non-detection is consistent with the small stellar mass of these clusters. We estimate that 0.11 (and 0.03) LMXBs are expected per $10^{6}M_{\odot}$ in metal-rich (and metal-poor) globular clusters. This corresponds to 1100 (and 330) LMXBs per $10^{10} L_{K\odot}$, highlighting the enhanced formation efficiency of LMXBs in globular clusters. A nuclear X-ray source is detected with $L_{x}$ varying from $2.8-6.8\times10^{38}erg/s$. Combining this $L_{x}$ with a published dynamical mass estimate for the central SMBH in NGC 7457, we find that $L_{x}/L_{Edd}$ varies from $0.5-1.3\times10^{-6}$.

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