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arXiv 1612.04095gr-qcastro-ph.HE
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由强透镜引力波和电磁信号计算引力波的传播速度

Speed of Gravitational Waves from Strongly Lensed Gravitational Waves and Electromagnetic Signals

Xi-Long Fan, Kai Liao, Marek Biesiada, Aleksandra Piorkowska-Kurpas, Zong-Hong Zhu

摘要:

提出了一种新的基于强透镜引力波和电磁引力波的引力波传播速度测量策略。这可以通过两种方式完成:通过比较GW和它们的EM对应物的到达时间,以及通过比较在GW和它们的EM对应物中看到的图像之间的时间延迟。透镜GW-EM事件可能是识别EM对应物的最佳方法。从概念上讲,这种方法不依赖于任何特定的大质量引力子或修正引力理论。其差分设置(即,测量GW和EM域中的时间延迟之间的差异)使其对透镜建模细节(光子和GW在相同的透镜化电势中行进)以及对GW和EM发射动作之间的内部时间延迟是鲁棒的。然而,它要求引力理论是度量的,并预言类似于广义相对论的引力透镜。我们预计这样的测试将在第三代引力波探测器时代成为可能,届时每年将观察到大约10个引力波事件。这种方法的功率主要受EM对应物的定时精度的限制,对于kilonovae,该定时精度大约为$10^4$ s。如果可以识别与GW事件相关的持续时间短得多的强透镜瞬态,则可以通过$\sim 10^{10}$的因子来抑制这种不确定性。这种短瞬变的候选者包括短伽玛射线暴和快速射电暴。

英文摘要:

We propose a new model-independent measurement strategy for the propagation speed of gravitational waves (GWs) based on strongly lensed GWs and their electromagnetic (EM) counterparts. This can be done in two ways: by comparing arrival times of GWs and their EM counterparts and by comparing the time delays between images seen in GWs and their EM counterparts. The lensed GW-EM event is perhaps the best way to identify an EM counterpart. Conceptually, this method does not rely on any specific theory of massive gravitons or modified gravity. Its differential setting (i.e., measuring the difference between time delays in GW and EM domains) makes it robust against lens modeling details (photons and GWs travel in the same lensing potential) and against internal time delays between GW and EM emission acts. It requires, however, that the theory of gravity is metric and predicts gravitational lensing similar to general relativity. We expect that such a test will become possible in the era of third-generation gravitational-wave detectors, when about 10 lensed GW events would be observed each year. The power of this method is mainly limited by the timing accuracy of the EM counterpart, which for kilonovae is around $10^4$ s.Thisuncertaintycanbesuppressedbya factor of $\sim 10^{10}$, if strongly lensed transients of much shorter duration associated with the GW event can be identified. Candidates for such short transients include short gamma-ray burst and fast radio bursts.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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