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arXiv 1610.09375astro-ph.EP
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三维等熵行星传动中的行星力矩

Planetary Torque in 3D Isentropic Disks

Jeffrey Fung, Frederic Masset, Elena Lega, David Velasco

摘要:

行星迁移本质上是一个三维(3D)问题,因为地球大小的行星核心深深嵌入原行星盘中。由于对分辨率的陡峭要求,这些3D磁盘的模拟仍然具有挑战性。使用两个不同的流体动力学程序,FARGO 3D和PEnGUIn,我们模拟了盘-行星相互作用的1至5地球质量的行星嵌入等熵盘。我们测量行星上的扭矩,并确保测量结果在分辨率和两个代码之间收敛。我们发现,扭矩是独立的平滑长度的行星的潜力($r_{\rm s}$),它有一个弱的依赖于绝热指数的气体盘($γ$)。扭矩值对应于向内迁移速率,定性上类似于先前的线性计算。我们使用FARGOCA进行额外的模拟与明确的辐射转移,并再次找到3D模拟和现有的扭矩公式之间的协议。我们还提出了行星周围的流动模式,并表明,积极的流动是存在于行星的希尔球,和dupronal漩涡脱落下游。在我们的研究中,较小的$r_{\rm s}$或$γ$在行星附近的垂直流速更快,最小的$r_{\rm s}$和$γ$达到超音速。

英文摘要:

Planet migration is inherently a three-dimensional (3D) problem, because Earth-size planetary cores are deeply embedded in protoplanetary disks. Simulations of these 3D disks remain challenging due to the steep requirement in resolution. Using two different hydrodynamics code, FARGO3D and PEnGUIn, we simulate disk-planet interaction for a 1 to 5 Earth-mass planet embedded in an isentropic disk. We measure the torque on the planet and ensure that the measurements are converged both in resolution and between the two codes. We find that the torque is independent of the smoothing length of the planet's potential ($r_{\rm s}$), and that it has a weak dependence on the adiabatic index of the gaseous disk ($γ$). The torque values correspond to an inward migration rate qualitatively similar to previous linear calculations. We perform additional simulations with explicit radiative transfer using FARGOCA, and again find agreement between 3D simulations and existing torque formulae. We also present the flow pattern around the planets, and show that active flow is present within the planet's Hill sphere, and meridional vortices are shed downstream. The vertical flow speed near the planet is faster for a smaller $r_{\rm s}$ or $γ$, up to supersonic speeds for the smallest $r_{\rm s}$ and $γ$ in our study.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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