尘埃盘作为类地行星的安全避风港：固体物质对气体反作用的影响
Dusty disks as safe havens for terrestrial planets: Effect of the back-reaction of solid material on gas
AI总结：
本研究通过二维流体动力学模拟发现，固体物质对气体的反作用和吸积过程会增加低质量行星受到的正力矩，减少负力矩，从而降低行星被恒星吞噬的风险，有利于行星系统形成。
摘要：
先前的研究表明，在正在生长的低质量行星附近，尘埃与气体的密度比存在显著变化。这可能导致气体和固体物质施加在行星动量上的显著改变。然而，由于原行星盘中尘埃与气体的质量比很低，固体物质的反作用通常被忽略。我们研究了固体物质反作用对低质量行星所受力矩的影响。我们进行了局部等温的二维行星-盘相互作用的流体动力学模拟。质量在0.1-10地球质量范围内的低质量行星仅吸积固体物质。模拟比较了考虑和不考虑固体物质对气体反作用的情况。假设固体成分具有在0.01-10范围内的固定Stokes数。总体而言，与忽略反作用的模型相比，包含反作用会导致具有正力矩值的模型数量更多。因此，很明显，通过流体动力学建模模拟行星生长和迁移需要包含固-气反作用。由于反作用和吸积的结果，火星大小的行星胚胎将从包含耦合固体成分St<=0.01的盘中经历正的总力矩。地球质量的行星也会从包含巨石大小固体成分2<=St<=5的盘中经历正的总力矩。弱耦合固体物质的吸积倾向于增加正力矩并减少负力矩。我们的结果表明，反作用和吸积的联合效应通过降低年轻行星被中央恒星吞噬的可能性，有利于行星系统的形成。
英文摘要：
Previous studies have shown that there is considerable variation in the dust-to-gas density ratio in the vicinity of low-mass planets undergoing growth. This can lead to a significant change in the planetary momentum exerted by the gas and solid material. However, due to the low dust-to-gas mass ratio of protoplanetary disks, the back-reaction of the solid material, is often neglected. We study the effect of the back-reaction of solid material on the torques felt by low-mass planets. We performed locally isothermal, 2D hydrodynamic simulations of planet-disk interactions. Low-mass planets in the range of 0.1-10MEarth accrete only solid material. Simulations were compared with and without taking into account the back-reaction of the solid material on the gas. The solid component was assumed to have a fixed Stokes number in the range 0.01-10. In general, the inclusion of back-reaction results in a greater number of models with positive torque values compared to models that neglect back-reaction. It is clear, therefore, that the simulation of planetary growth and migration via hydrodynamic modeling requires the inclusion of solid-gas back-reaction. As a result of the back-reaction and accretion, a Mars-sized planetary embryo will experience positive total torques from the disk containing coupled solid components St<=0.01. Earth-mass planets also experience positive total torques from the disk containing boulder-sized solid components 2<=St<=5. The accretion of weakly coupled solid material tends to increase the positive torques and decrease the negative torques. Our results suggest that the combined effect of back-reaction and accretion is beneficial to the formation of planetary systems by reducing the likelihood of a young planet being engulfed by the central star.
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