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arXiv 1610.00535astro-ph.HE
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旋转黑洞的极端瞬变事件及其引力波发射

On extreme transient events from rotating black holes and their gravitational wave emission

Maurice H. P. M. van Putten, Massimo Della Valle

摘要:

超级发光物体ASASSN-15 lh(SN 2015 L)是一个极端事件,其黑体辐射的总能量为$E_{rad}\simeq 1.1\times 10^{52}$ erg,与其喷出物的动能$E_k$相当,并且在紫外线中存在后期平台,这与核起源不符。它可能为贫氢超新星提供了一种新的爆炸机制。在没有射电辐射和富氢环境的情况下,我们建议将$E_{rad}$与由中央发动机产生的光学厚的残余恒星包层中的贫重子外流的耗散联系起来。由于光穿过和辐射冷却的时间尺度可以忽略不计,SN 2015 L的光变曲线密切跟踪了该发动机的发展。在这里,我们通过黑洞自旋的演化来模拟它的光变曲线,在Alvén波的角动量损失期间,物质在内部最稳定圆轨道(ISCO)上。持续时间由围绕质量为$M$的黑洞的环面质量$M_T$的$σ=M_T/M$确定:SN 2015 L和长GRB分别为$σ\sim 10^{-7}$和$σ\sim 10^{-2}$。这里观测到的电磁辐射代表了黑洞旋转能量$E_{rot}$的一小部分输出,而大部分辐射在引力辐射中看不见。这个模型解释了GWB 150914的高质量慢自旋双星祖先,作为两个CC-SNe的残留物,在一天内的两个大质量恒星的双星。该模型严格地预测了峰值后光变曲线中的幅度$Δm\simeq 1.15$的变化,与没有微调的SN 2015 L的光变曲线一致。

英文摘要:

The super-luminous object ASASSN-15lh (SN2015L) is an extreme event with a total energy $E_{rad}\simeq 1.1\times 10^{52}$ erg in black body radiation on par with its kinetic energy $E_k$ in ejecta and a late time plateau in the UV, that defies a nuclear origin. It likely presents a new explosion mechanism for hydrogen-deprived supernovae. With no radio emission and no H-rich environment we propose to identify $E_{rad}$ with dissipation of a baryon-poor outflow in the optically thick remnant stellar envelope produced by a central engine. By negligible time scales of light crossing and radiative cooling of the envelope, SN2015L's light curve closely tracks the evolution of this engine. We here model its light curve by the evolution of black hole spin, during angular momentum loss in Alvén waves to matter at the Inner Most Stable Circular Orbit (ISCO). The duration is determined by $σ=M_T/M$ of the torus mass $M_T$ around the black hole of mass $M$: $σ\sim 10^{-7}$ and $σ\sim 10^{-2}$ for SN2015L and, respectively, a long GRB. The observed electromagnetic radiation herein represents a minor output of the rotational energy $E_{rot}$ of the black hole, while most is radiated unseen in gravitational radiation. This model explains the high-mass slow-spin binary progenitor of GWB150914, as the remnant of two CC-SNe in an intra-day binary of two massive stars. This model rigorously predicts a change in magnitude $Δm\simeq 1.15$ in the light curve post-peak, in agreement with the light curve of SN2015L with no fine-tuning.

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