睡眠的进化是必然的
The evolution of sleep is inevitable
摘要：
对睡眠有两种截然不同的解释：作为一种近似的、基本的生理功能，或者作为一种适应性的不活动状态，这些假设仍然存在广泛的争论。为了研究睡眠的适应性意义，我们开发了一个进化的论点，制定为一个易于处理的偏微分方程模型。我们允许人口统计参数，如出生率和死亡率，在安全和脆弱的睡眠环境中随着时间的推移而变化。从这个模型中，我们分析计算人口增长率（健身）的睡眠和非睡眠策略。我们发现，在一个时间异质性的环境中，睡眠总是比不睡觉达到更高的健身。由于生物体不存在于恒定的环境中，我们得出结论，睡眠的进化是不可避免的。
英文摘要：
There are two contrasting explanations of sleep: as a proximate, essential physiological function or as an adaptive state of inactivity and these hypotheses remain widely debated. To investigate the adaptive significance of sleep, we develop an evolutionary argument formulated as a tractable partial differential equation model. We allow demographic parameters such as birth and mortality rates to vary through time in both safe and vulnerable sleeping environments. From this model we analytically calculate population growth rate (fitness) for sleeping and non-sleeping strategies. We find that, in a temporally heterogeneous environment, sleeping always achieves a higher fitness than not sleeping. As organisms do not exist in constant environments, we conclude that the evolution of sleep is inevitable.
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