Clare Burrage, Andrew Kuribayashi-Coleman, James Stevenson, Ben Thrussell
We apply the new constraints from atom-interferometry searches for screening mechanisms to the symmetron model, finding that these experiments exclude a previously unexplored region of parameter space. We discuss the possibility of networks of domain walls forming in the vacuum chamber, and how this could be used to discriminate between models of screening.
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Atomic interferometry can be used to probe dark energy models coupled to matter. We consider the constraints coming from recent experimental results on models generalising the inverse power law chameleons such as $f(R)$ gravity in the large curvature regime, the environmentally dependent dilaton and symmetrons. Using the tomographic description of these models, we find that only symmetrons with masses smaller than the dark energy scale can be efficiently tested. In this regime, the resulting constraints complement the bounds from the Eötwash experiment and exclude small values of the symmetron…
Constraining symmetron fields with a levitated optomechanical system
针对传统测量因屏蔽行为难以探测暗能量理论中的对称子场问题，提出利用纳米球-光学腔耦合的悬浮光力学系统，通过测量透射谱频移约束对称子参数，约束精度较现有方法提升1-3个数量级，为暗能量探测提供新途径。
Symmetron field is one of the promising candidates of dark energy scalar fields. In all viable candidate field theories, a screening mechanism is implemented to be consistent with existing tests of general relativity. The screening effect in the symmetron theory manifests its influence only to the thin outer layer of a bulk object, where inside a dense material the symmetry of the field is restored and no force exists. For pointlike particles such as atoms, the depth of screening is larger than the size of the particle, such that the screening mechanism is ineffective and the symmetron force i…
We introduce a methodology to test models with spatial variations of the fine-structure constant $α$, based on the calculation of the angular power spectrum of these measurements. This methodology enables comparisons of observations and theoretical models through their predictions on the statistics of the $α$ variation. Here we apply it to the case of symmetron models. We find no indications of deviations from the standard behavior, with current data providing an upper limit to the strength of the symmetron coupling to gravity ($\log{β^2}<-0.9$) when this is the only free parameter, and not ab…
Search for dark energy with neutron interferometry
本文利用中子干涉测量实验数据，将伸缩子场和对称子场暗能量模型的参数约束提升了数个数量级，并为拟议的中子分裂干涉仪建立了约束，同时揭示了对称子场在圆柱真空腔中的多重静态解行为。
We derive the exact analytical solutions to the symmetron field theory equations in the presence of a one or two mirror system. The one dimensional equations of motion are integrated exactly for both systems and their solutions can be expressed in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions. Surprisingly, in the case of two parallel mirrors the equations of motion generically provide not a unique solution but a discrete set of solutions with increasing number of nodes and energies. The solutions obtained herein can be applied to qBOUNCE experiments, neutron interferometry and for the calculation of the…
Chameleon and symmetron theories serve as archetypal models for how light scalar fields can couple to matter with gravitational strength or greater, yet evade the stringent constraints from classical tests of gravity on Earth and in the Solar System. In this work, we investigate how a precision measurement of the electron magnetic moment places meaningful constraints on both chameleons and symmetrons. Two effects are identified: First, virtual chameleons and symmetrons run in loops to generate quantum corrections to the intrinsic value of the magnetic moment; a common process widely considered…
Impact of symmetron screening on the Hubble tension: new constraints using cosmic distance ladder data
本文分析了修改引力理论中的symmetron屏蔽对Hubble张力的影响，发现其通常会加剧该张力，但宇宙距离阶梯数据能将symmetron Compton波长约束至$λ_{\rm C} \lesssim 2.5 \\, \mathrm{Mpc}$，提供了一种测试此类理论的新方法。
The accelerated expansion of the universe motivates a wide class of scalar field theories that modify gravity on large scales. In regions where the weak field limit of General Relativity has been confirmed by experiment, such theories need a screening mechanism to suppress the new force. We have measured the acceleration of an atom toward a macroscopic test mass inside a high vacuum chamber, where the new force is unscreened in some theories. Our measurement, made using atom interferometry, shows that the attraction between atoms and the test mass does not differ appreciably from Newtonian gra…
We determine the conditions for which the constraints from lunar laser ranging on the time evolution of the local gravitational constant can be extrapolated to impose constraints on the time evolution of the cosmological gravitational constant in scalar-tensor theories of modified gravity. We allow for the possibility that the scalar-tensor theories are non-linear and contain a screening mechanism. This results in strong constraints on the running of the cosmological Planck mass described by the Horndeski function $|α_M|\lesssim 0.002$. We find that our assumptions are valid for most Vainshtei…
Theories of modified gravity where light scalars with non-trivial self-interactions and non-minimal couplings to matter-chameleon and symmetron theories-dynamically suppress deviations from general relativity in the solar system. On other scales, the environmental nature of the screening means that such scalars may be relevant. The highly-nonlinear nature of screening mechanisms means that they evade classical fifth-force searches, and there has been an intense effort towards designing new and novel tests to probe them, both in the laboratory and using astrophysical objects, and by reinterpret…
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) represent an exciting frontier in the study of gravitational lensing, due to their brightness, extragalactic nature, and the compact, coherent characteristics of their emission. In a companion work [Kader, Leung+2022], we use a novel interferometric method to search for gravitationally lensed FRBs in the time domain using bursts detected by CHIME/FRB. There, we dechannelize and autocorrelate electric field data at a time resolution of 1.25 ns. This enables a search for FRBs whose emission is coherently deflected by gravitational lensing around a foreground compact obje…
Refined constraints on chameleon theories are calculated for atom-interferometry experiments, using a numerical approach consisting in solving for a four-region model the static and spherically symmetric Klein-Gordon equation for the chameleon field. By modeling not only the test mass and the vacuum chamber but also its walls and the exterior environment, the method allows to probe new effects on the scalar field profile and the induced acceleration of atoms. In the case of a weakly perturbing test mass, the effect of the wall is to enhance the field profile and to lower the acceleration insid…
Current acceleration of the cosmic expansion leads to coincidence as well as fine-tuning issues in the framework of general relativity. Dynamical scalar fields have been introduced in response of these problems, some of them invoking screening mechanisms for passing local tests of gravity. Recent lab experiments based on atom interferometry in a vacuum chamber have been proposed for testing modified gravity models. So far only analytical computations have been used to provide forecasts. We derive numerical solutions for chameleon models that take into account the effect of the vacuum chamber w…
Gravity is the weakest fundamental interaction and the only one that has not been measured at the particle level. Traditional experimental methods, from astronomical observations to torsion balances, use macroscopic masses to both source and probe gravitational fields. Matter wave interferometers have used neutrons, atoms and molecular clusters as microscopic test particles, but initially probed the field sourced by the entire earth. Later, the gravitational field arising from hundreds of kilograms of artificial source masses was measured with atom interferometry. Miniaturizing the source mass…
Screened Scalar Fields in the Laboratory and the Solar System
针对暗能量与暗物质起源未知的问题，本文汇总了chameleon、symmetron、环境相关伸缩子三类屏蔽标量场模型的最新实验约束，结合多类实验结果并预测了CANNEX实验的约束情况。
One of the most common consequences of extensions to the standard models of particle physics or cosmology is the emergence of a fifth force. While generic fifth forces are tightly constrained at Solar System scales and below, they may escape detection by means of a screening mechanism which effectively removes them in dense environments. We constrain the strength $ΔG/G_N$ and range $λ_C$ of a chameleon- or symmetron-screened fifth force with Yukawa coupling -- as well as an unscreened fifth force with differential coupling to galactic mass components -- by searching for the displacement it pre…
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