First flight of the Gamma-Ray Imager/Polarimeter for Solar flares (GRIPS) instrument
Nicole Duncan, P. Saint-Hilaire, A. Y. Shih, G. J. Hurford, H. M. Bain, M. Amman, B. A. Mochizuki, J. Hoberman, J. Olson, B. A. Maruca, N. M. Godbole, D. M. Smi… 展开作者
Nicole Duncan, P. Saint-Hilaire, A. Y. Shih, G. J. Hurford, H. M. Bain, M. Amman, B. A. Mochizuki, J. Hoberman, J. Olson, B. A. Maruca, N. M. Godbole, D. M. Smith, J. Sample, N. A. Kelley, A. Zoglauer, A. Caspi, P. Kaufmann, S. Boggs, R. P. Lin
备注:
17 pages, 15 figures; presented at SPIE 9905 (Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray) in Edinburgh, Scotland
发表信息:
Proc. SPIE 9905, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray, 99052Q (July 18, 2016)
太阳耀斑伽马射线成像仪/偏振计(GRIPS)是一个球载望远镜,旨在研究太阳耀斑粒子加速和传输。我们描述了GRIPS在2016年1月的首次南极长时间飞行,并报告了初步校准和科学结果。电子和离子动力学、粒子丰度和太阳耀斑中的周围等离子体条件可以通过用增强成像、光谱学和偏振测量法检查硬X射线和伽马射线发射(20千电子伏至10兆电子伏)来了解。GRIPS是专门设计来回答问题,包括:是什么原因导致高能电子产生HXR和高能离子产生伽马射线线之间的空间分离?相对论性电子的各向异性有多大?为什么它们能在日冕中占主导地位?被加速的物质和周围物质的成分是如何随空间和时间变化的,为什么?GRIPS对Ramaty高能太阳光谱成像仪(RHESSI)的关键技术改进包括3D位置敏感锗探测器(3D-GeDs)和单栅多间距旋转调制器(MPRM)准直器。3D-GeD具有几百keV的光谱FWHM分辨率和1 mm $^3$的空间分辨率$<$。对于康普顿散射的光子,通常为$\gtrsim$ 150 keV,可以跟踪能量沉积位点,提供偏振测量以及增强的背景减少。MPRM单网格设计提供两倍于RHESSI等双网格成像系统的吞吐量。网格由2.5 cm厚的W/Cu板条组成,具有1-13 mm可变狭缝间距,实现了12.5-162 arcsec的准连续FWHM角覆盖。该分辨率能够对各种耀斑尺寸的单独磁环足点发射成像。(来源编辑)
英文摘要:
The Gamma-Ray Imager/Polarimeter for Solar flares (GRIPS) is a balloon-borne telescope designed to study solar-flare particle acceleration and transport. We describe GRIPS's first Antarctic long-duration flight in Jan 2016 and report preliminary calibration and science results.
Electron and ion dynamics, particle abundances and the ambient plasma conditions in solar flares can be understood by examining hard X-ray (HXR) and gamma-ray emission (20 keV to 10 MeV) with enhanced imaging, spectroscopy and polarimetry. GRIPS is specifically designed to answer questions including: What causes the spatial separation between energetic electrons producing HXRs and energetic ions producing gamma-ray lines? How anisotropic are the relativistic electrons, and why can they dominate in the corona? How do the compositions of accelerated and ambient material vary with space and time, and why?
GRIPS's key technological improvements over the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) include 3D position-sensitive germanium detectors (3D-GeDs) and a single-grid, multi-pitch rotating modulator (MPRM) collimator. The 3D-GeDs have spectral FWHM resolution of a few hundred keV and spatial resolution $<$1 mm$^3$. For photons that Compton scatter, usually $\gtrsim$150 keV, the energy deposition sites can be tracked, providing polarization measurements as well as enhanced background reduction. The MPRM single-grid design provides twice the throughput of a bi-grid imaging system like RHESSI. The grid is composed of 2.5 cm thick W/Cu slats with 1-13 mm variable slit pitch, achieving quasi-continuous FWHM angular coverage over 12.5-162 arcsecs. This resolution is capable of imaging the separate magnetic loop footpoint emissions in a variety of flare sizes.
(Abstract edited down from source.)
Imaging Spectropolarimeter for Multi-application Solar Telescope at Udaipur Solar Observatory: Characterization of polarimeter and preliminary observations
多用途太阳望远镜(Multi-Application Solar Telescope,MAST)是一台离轴50厘米的格里高利望远镜,最近在乌代布尔太阳天文台(Udaipur Solar Observatory,USO)开始运行。为了了解太阳磁场和速度场的演变和动态,正在研制一种成像分光偏振计,作为多天线空间望远镜的后端仪器之一。该系统由窄带滤光片和偏振计组成。偏振计包括一个线性偏振器和两组液晶可变延迟器(LCVR)。该仪器用于同时观测617.3 nm和854.2 nm的谱线,这两条谱线分别形成于光球层和色球层。在本文中,我们提出的结果,从表征的LCVR的谱线的利益和响应矩阵的偏振计。我们还提出了初步的观察使用分光偏振仪获得的活动区域。为了验证,我们比较了Stokes观测的活动区太阳动力学天文台(SDO)上的日震磁成像仪(HMI)和MAST观测的谱线617.3 nm。考虑到MAST观测的有限性,我们发现两个观测之间有很好的一致性。
The 2016 Super Pressure Balloon flight of the Compton Spectrometer and Imager
康普顿光谱仪和成像仪(Compton Spectrometer and Imager,COSI)是一种球载软伽马射线成像仪、光谱仪和偏振仪,灵敏度从0.2到5 MeV。利用紧凑的康普顿望远镜设计与12个交叉带,高纯度锗探测器,COSI有三个主要的科学目标:研究511千电子伏的正电子湮没线从银河系平面,图像扩散发射从恒星核线,并执行极化研究的伽马射线暴和其他极端的天体物理环境。COSI刚刚成功完成了NASA新的超压气球的46天飞行,该气球于2016年5月从新西兰瓦纳卡发射。我们提出了仪器和2016年飞行的概述,并讨论了COSI的主要科学目标,预测性能和初步结果。
Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere (PUNCH)
Southwest Research Institute(西南研究所);National Center for Atmospheric Research / High Altitude Observatory(国家大气研究中心/高空观测站);Naval Research Laboratory(海军研究实验室);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心);George Mason University(乔治梅森大学);Indian Institute of Astrophysics(印度天体物理研究所);University of Reading(雷丁大学);NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center(美国国家海洋和大气管理局空间天气预测中心);University of Sydney(悉尼大学);University of Delaware(特拉华大学);University of Colorado(科罗拉多大学);Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences(环境科学研究合作学院);Catholic University of America(美国天主教大学);Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室);University of California, San Diego(加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校);Stellar Solutions Inc.(恒星解决方案公司);Princeton University(普林斯顿大学);University of Aberystwyth(阿伯里斯特威斯大学);National Center for Radio Astrophysics(国家射电天文中心);Boston College(波士顿学院);European Space Agency(欧洲空间局)
The Sunrise Chromospheric Infrared Spectro-Polarimeter SCIP: an instrument for SUNRISE III
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan(日本国立天文台);The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI(高等研究院 (SOKENDAI));Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo(东京大学大学院理学研究系天文学专攻)