Juan-Carlos Cabanillas-Noris, M. I. Martinez, I. Leon Monzon
This paper describes general characteristics of the deployment and commissioned of the Detector Control System (DCS) AD0 for the second phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The AD0 detector is installed in the ALICE experiment to provide a better selection of diffractive events.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
继续探索
The ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) consists of a central barrel, a muon spectrometer, zero degree calorimeters and additional detectors which are used for trigger purposes and for event classification. The main detector systems of relevance for measuring diffractive and electromagnetic processes are described. The trigger strategy for such measurements is outlined. The physics potential of studying diffractive and electromagnetic processes at the LHC is presented by discussing possible signatures of the Odderon.
Two modules of the AD detector have been studied with the test beam at the T10 facility at CERN. The AD detector is made of scintillator pads read out by wave-length shifters (WLS)coupled to clean fibres that carry the produced light to photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs). In ALICE the AD is used to trigger and study the physics of diffractive and ultra-peripheral collisions as well as for a variety of technical tasks like beam-gas background monitoring or as a luminometer. The position dependence of the modules' efficiency has been measured and the effect of hits on the WLS or PMTs has been evaluat…
ALICE analyses mostly deal with large datasets using the distributed Grid infrastructure. In LHC running periods 1 and 2, ALICE developed a system of analysis trains (so-called $"$LEGO trains$"$) that allowed the user to configure analysis tasks (called wagons) that run on the same data. The LEGO train system builds upon existing tools: the ALICE analysis framework as well as the Grid submission and monitoring infrastructure. This centralized system improved the resource utilization and provided a graphical user interface (UI), in addition to bookkeeping functionalities. Currently, 90$\%$ of A…
During the upcoming Run 3 and Run 4 at the LHC the upgraded ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) will operate at a significantly higher luminosity and will collect two orders of magnitude more events than in Run 1 and Run 2. A part of the ALICE upgrade is the new Fast Interaction Trigger (FIT). This thoroughly redesigned detector combines, in one system, the functionality of the four forward detectors used by ALICE during the LHC Run 2: T0, V0, FMD and AD. The FIT will monitor luminosity and background, provide feedback to the LHC, and generate minimum bias, vertex and centrality triggers, …
During the upcoming Runs 3 and 4 of the LHC, ALICE will take data at a peak Pb-Pb collision rate of 50 kHz. This will be made possible thanks to the upgrade of the main tracking detectors of the experiment, and with a new data processing strategy. In order to collect the statistics needed for the precise measurements that ALICE aims at, a continuous readout will be adopted. This brings about the challenge of handling unprecedented data rates. The ~3.5 TB/s of raw data from the detectors will be reduced to about 600 GB/s on the First Level Processing (FLP) nodes, and sent to the Event Processin…
Usage of GPUs for online and offline Reconstruction in ALICE in Run 3
针对ALICE Run 3中50 kHz Pb-Pb碰撞数据的处理需求，报告介绍了利用GPU优化TPC数据在线处理、拓展离线重建任务的经验及在Pb-Pb和pp处理中的性能表现。
The calibration and performance of the Silicon Drift Detector of the ALICE experiment during the 2008 cosmic ray run will be presented. In particular the procedures to monitor the running parameters (baselines, noise, drift speed) are detailed. Other relevant parameters (SOP delay, time-zero, charge calibration) were also determined.
In these proceedings we report on the status of the ALICE Time-Of-Flight (TOF) detector. The running performance of the Run 1 (2009-2013) and Run 2 (2015-present) data taking campaigns are compared. The Particle IDentification (PID) capabilities of the detector are presented and discussed in the light of the improved detector calibration that allowed to reach a timing resolution of 56 ps.
ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) studies the transition of nuclear matter to a deconfined phase known as Quark Gluon Plasma, in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the LHC. ALICE is equipped with a muon spectrometer for the detection of quarkonia and heavy flavour particles. The trigger system of the spectrometer consists of 72 RPCs arranged in four detection planes, with a total area of 140 m^{2}. In the first three years of LHC operation, the muon trigger system was fully operational in data-taking in pp, Pb-Pb and p-Pb collisions. The RPC performance and stability throughout t…
The ALICE Collaboration has just finished a major detector upgrade that increases the data-taking rate capability by two orders of magnitude and will allow to collect unprecedented data samples. For example, the analysis input for 1 month of Pb-Pb collisions amounts to about 5 PB. In order to enable analysis on such large data samples, the ALICE distributed infrastructure was revised and dedicated tools for Run 3 analysis were created. These are firstly the $\mathrm{O^2}$ analysis framework that builds on a multi-process architecture exchanging a flat data format through shared memory implemen…
ALICE is the CERN LHC experiment optimised for the study of the strongly interacting matter produced in heavy-ion collisions and devoted to the characterisation of the quark-gluon plasma. To achieve the physics program for LHC Run 3, a major upgrade of the experimental apparatus is ongoing. A key element of the upgrade is the substitution of the Inner Tracking System (ITS) with a completely new silicon-based detector whose features will allow the reconstruction of rare physics channels, not accessible with the previous layout. The enabling technology for such a performance boost is the adoptio…
Operation and performance of the ALICE Muon IDentifier RPCs during LHC Run3
本文评估ALICE在LHC Run 3升级后，MID阻性板室以低增益、无触发连续读出模式运行的稳定性与性能。
ALICE is the CERN LHC experiment optimised for the study of the strongly interacting matter produced in heavy-ion collisions and devoted to the characterisation of the quark-gluon plasma. To achieve the physics program for LHC Run 3, a major upgrade of the experimental apparatus is ongoing. A key element of the upgrade is the substitution of the Inner Tracking System (ITS) with a completely new silicon-based detector (ITS 2) whose features will allow the reconstruction of rare physics channels not accessible with the previous layout. The enabling technology for such a performance boost is the …
The Silicon Pixel Detector (SPD) constitutes the two innermost layers of the Inner Tracking System of the ALICE experiment and it is the closest detector to the interaction point. As a vertex detector, it has the unique feature of generating a trigger signal that contributes to the L0 trigger of the ALICE experiment. The SPD started collecting data since the very first pp collisions at LHC in 2009 and since then it has taken part in all pp, Pb-Pb and p-Pb data taking campaigns. This contribution will present the main features of the SPD, the detector performance and the operational experience,…
The ALICE muon spectrometer studies the production of quarkonia and open heavy- flavour particles. It is equipped with a Trigger System composed of Resistive Plate Chambers which, by applying a transverse-momentum-based muon selection, minimises the background from light-hadron decays. The system has been continuously taking data throughout the LHC Run I; it has undergone maintenance and consolidation operations during the LHC shutdown period 1. In the first year of the LHC Run II, the system, fully recommissioned, has participated in data taking in pp and Pb/en-dashPb collisions. The performa…
The Time Projection Chamber is the main tracking and particle identification detector of the ALICE experiment. The high luminosities delivered by the CERN LHC in Run 2 (2015-2018) posed new challenges in terms of detector performance and efficiency. The hardware components and calibration software were optimized and further developed to meet those challenges and maximize the quality of the data. In addition, unexpectedly large local distortions of the drift paths of ionization electrons have been observed at the edges of specific readout chambers. These distortions are caused by ions which ori…
During the LHC Run-I (2010-2013) and Run-II (2015-2018), the selection of interesting events for muon physics in ALICE was performed with a dedicated muon trigger system, based on 72 single-gap bakelite Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs), operated in maxi-avalanche mode (ADULT front-end electronics without amplification and a threshold of 7 mV). From Run-III (starting in 2021) on, in order to fully profit from the increased luminosity of Pb-Pb collisions, the ALICE experiment will run in continuous readout (triggerless) mode and the muon trigger system (MTR) will become a Muon Identifier (MID). T…
ALICE, one of the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (CERN), is undergoing ambitious upgrades during the ongoing second long shutdown (LS2). The main goal of this project is to access rare events and previously inaccessible physics observables. The increased Pb-Pb and pp collision rates need a correspondingly higher TPC operation rate in the next Run 3 of the LHC. The operational gated MWPC readout used so far cannot be used at such fast rates. Therefore a new readout chamber is needed with a novel technology and without any compromise on the momentum and energy resolution. As a solution…
The ALICE Collaboration completed the upgrade of the detector and is now commissioning for the beginning of the data taking during LHC Run 3. In parallel, R&D activities and simulation studies are being performed to define the future of the experiment beyond LHC Run 3. Two detector upgrades are foreseen for the next long shutdown (LS3). The first is the replacement of the three layers of the inner tracking system closest to the beam with a novel vertex detector consisting of curved wafer-scale ultra-thin silicon sensors arranged in perfectly cylindrical layers to improve impact parameter resol…
ALICE will increase the data-taking rate for Run 3 significantly to 50 kHz continuous readout of minimum bias Pb--Pb collisions. The foreseen reconstruction strategy consists of 2 phases: a first synchronous online reconstruction stage during data-taking enabling detector calibration, and a posterior calibrated asynchronous reconstruction stage. The main challenges include processing and compression of 50 times more events per second than in Run 2, sophisticated compression and removal of TPC data not use for physics, tracking of TPC data in continuous readout, the TPC space-charge distortion …
ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is the CERN LHC experiment optimized for the study of the strongly interacting matter produced in heavy-ion collisions and devoted to the characterization of the Quark-Gluon Plasma. To achieve the physics program for LHC Run 3 and 4, ALICE is undergoing a major upgrade of the experimental apparatus during the ongoing second long LHC shutdown. A key element of the ALICE upgrade is the substitution of the Inner Tracking System (ITS) with a completely new silicon-based detector whose features will allow the reconstruction of rare physics channels which coul…
A major upgrade of the ALICE experiment is in progress and will result in high-rate data taking during LHC Run 3 (2022-2024). The LHC interaction rate at Point 2 where the ALICE experiment is located will be increased to $50\ \mathrm{kHz}$ in Pb--Pb collisions and $1\ \mathrm{MHz}$ in pp collisions. The ALICE experiment will be able to read out data at these interaction rates leading to an increase of the collected luminosity by a factor of up to about 100 with respect to LHC Runs 1 and 2. To satisfy these requirements, a new readout system has been developed for most of the ALICE detectors, a…
ALICE will significantly increase its Pb--Pb data taking rate from the 1\,kHz of triggered readout in Run 2 to 50 kHz of continuous readout for LHC Run 3. Updated tracking detectors are installed for Run 3 and a new two-phase computing strategy is employed. In the first synchronous phase during the data taking, the raw data is compressed for storage to an on-site disk buffer and the required data for the detector calibration is collected. In the second asynchronous phase the compressed raw data is reprocessed using the final calibration to produce the final reconstruction output. Traditional C…
Performance of the ALICE Inner Tracking System 2
本文介绍了基于MAPS技术、拥有10平方米灵敏面积和125亿像素的ALICE ITS2探测器在LHC Run 3期间的性能表现、校准方法及运行经验。
The ALICE apparatus includes an Inner Tracking System for high-precision vertexing and tracking at midrapidity. Thanks to this detector, remarkable results were obtained with Run 2 data in all collision systems studied at the LHC. In this contribution, the role of the ITS in the event, track and secondary vertex reconstruction is highlighted, and the comparison of the resolution on the track impact parameter to the collision point in data and Monte Carlo simulations is reported. Finally, some of the main physics results obtained in pp and Pb--Pb collisions relying on the excellent ALICE vertex…
Time resolution of the ALICE Time-Of-Flight detector with the first Run 3 pp collisions at ${\bf \sqrt{\textit{s}} = 13.6}$ TeV
本文报告了ALICE TOF探测器升级后在Run 3首次13.6 TeV质子-质子碰撞中的时间分辨率，两种独立方法测得结果一致且优于80 ps，验证了升级后连续读出方案和校准流程的有效性，为提升ALICE粒子鉴别能力奠定基础。
Usage of GPUs for ALICE Run 3 Offline Reconstruction on the GRID
ALICE在GRID上利用GPU开展第3期离线重建，将更多离线步骤卸载到GPU，提升了29%的吞吐量，还实现了在NERSC集群GPU上的首次LHC离线重建应用。
Particle identification with machine learning in ALICE Run 3
ALICE 实验需准确进行粒子鉴别，本文针对 Run 3 研究 Domain Adaptation Neural Networks 并结合 Feature Set Embedding 与 attention 机制，解决了模拟与实验数据差异，提升了粒子分类效果并已集成至分析框架。
Applications of CMOS technology at the ALICE experiment
本文综述MAPS在ALICE实验中的发展，介绍ALPIDE传感器、ITS3的65 nm晶圆级圆柱形探测器及面向LHC Run 5的全硅探测器计划。
Improvements of the ALICE GPU TPC tracking and GPU framework for online and offline processing of Run 3 Pb-Pb data
ALICE通过改进GPU框架和跟踪代码，优化TPC跟踪算法，提升Run 3 Pb-Pb数据的在线和离线处理效率。
In LHC Run 3, ALICE will increase the data taking rate significantly to 50 kHz continuous readout of minimum bias Pb--Pb collisions. The reconstruction strategy of the online-offline computing upgrade foresees a first synchronous online reconstruction stage during data taking enabling detector calibration, and a posterior calibrated asynchronous reconstruction stage. The main challenges include processing and compression of 50 times more events per second than in Run 2, identification of removable TPC tracks and hits not used for physics, tracking of TPC data in continuous readout, the TPC spa…
Status and performance of the ALICE Fast Interaction Trigger
本文介绍了 CERN ALICE 实验新引入的 Fast Interaction Trigger (FIT) 探测器的设计、性能及技术创新，该探测器在 Run 3 和 Run 4 中提供高效触发和精确的碰撞时间测量。
In view of Run 4 at the LHC, presently scheduled from 2029 onwards, ALICE is pursuing several upgrades to further extend its physics reach. In order to improve heavy-flavor hadron and dielectron measurements which rely on secondary vertexing, a reduction of the material budget of the innermost layers of the Inner Tracking System is needed. This can be achieved with bent pixel sensors, arranged in half-cylinder shapes with integrated power lines and data buses, allowing to get rid of most of the supporting structure and of the water cooling. Moreover, a new Forward Calorimeter (FoCal), covering…
ALICE is one of the four experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) specifically designed to study nuclear matter at extreme conditions of temperature and pressure. The LHC Run 3 started officially in July 2022 with proton-proton (pp) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ = 13.6 TeV after a shutdown of more than two years to allow for the upgrade of both the accelerator and the experiments. To fulfill the requirements of the ALICE physics program for Run 3, new timing, tracking and multiplicity detectors have been installed in the ALICE central barrel both at mid- and forwa…
ALICE Overwatch is a project started in late 2015 to provide augmented online monitoring and data quality assurance utilizing time-stamped QA histograms produced by the ALICE High Level Trigger. The system receives the data via ZeroMQ, stores it for later review, enriches it with detector specific functionality, and visualizes it via a web application. These provided capabilities are complementary to the existing Data Quality Monitoring system. In addition to basic visualization, additional processing options are accessible to the user, including requests for data within a particular time rang…
In LHC Run 3, ALICE will increase the data taking rate significantly to 50 kHz continuous read out of minimum bias Pb-Pb collisions. The reconstruction strategy of the online offline computing upgrade foresees a first synchronous online reconstruction stage during data taking enabling detector calibration, and a posterior calibrated asynchronous reconstruction stage. The significant increase in the data rate poses challenges for online and offline reconstruction as well as for data compression. Compared to Run 2, the online farm must process 50 times more events per second and achieve a higher…
The ALICE HLT uses a data transport framework based on the publisher-subscriber message principle, which transparently handles the communication between processing components over the network and between processing components on the same node via shared memory with a zero copy approach. We present an analysis of the performance in terms of maximum achievable data rates and event rates as well as processing capabilities during Run 1 and Run 2. Based on this analysis, we present new optimizations we have developed for ALICE in Run 2. These include support for asynchronous transport via Zero-MQ w…
The ALICE detector is undergoing an upgrade for Run 3 at the LHC. A new Inner Tracking System (ITS) is part of this upgrade. The upgraded ALICE ITS features the ALPIDE, a Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor. Due to IC fabrication variations and radiation damages, the threshold values for the ALPIDE chips in ITS need to be measured and adjusted periodically to ensure the quality of data. The calibration is implemented within the ALICE Online-Offline (O$^2$) Computing System, thus it runs in the same framework as the normal operations. This paper describes the concept and first implementation of the …
Synchronous and asynchronous Data Quality Control of the ALICE Inner Tracking System in the LHC Run 3
本文介绍了ALICE实验ITS2探测器在LHC Run 3中的数据质量控制系统，该系统通过同步监测运行参数和异步重建采集数据来保障稳定取数，并展示了探测器在pp和Pb–Pb碰撞中的性能表现。
The ALICE experiment at the LHC is equipped with an electromagnetic calorimeter (EMCal) designed to enhance its capabilities for jet, photon and electron measurement. In addition, the EMCal enables triggering on jets and photons with a centrality dependent energy threshold. After its commissioning in 2010, the EMCal Level 1 (L1) trigger was officially approved for physics data taking in 2011. After describing the L1 hardware and trigger algorithms, the commissioning and the first year of running experience, both in proton and heavy ion beams, are reviewed. Additionally, the upgrades to the ori…
In LHC Run 3, ALICE will increase the data taking rate significantly to 50 kHz continuous read-out of minimum bias Pb-Pb collisions. The reconstruction strategy of the online-offline computing upgrade foresees a first synchronous online reconstruction stage during data taking enabling detector calibration and data compression, and a posterior calibrated asynchronous reconstruction stage. Many new challenges arise, among them continuous TPC read-out, more overlapping collisions, no a priori knowledge of the primary vertex and of location-dependent calibration in the synchronous phase, identific…
The ALICE Transition Radiation Detector contributes to the tracking, particle identification, and triggering capabilities of the experiment. It is composed of six layers of multi-wire proportional chambers, each of which is preceded by a radiator and a Xe/CO$_2$-filled drift volume. The signal is sampled in timebins of 100~ns over the drift length which allows for the reconstruction of chamber-wise track segments, both online and offline. The particle identification is based on the specific energy loss of charged particles and additional transition radiation photons, the latter being a signatu…
In LHC Run 3, the upgraded ALICE detector will record Pb-Pb collisions at a rate of 50 kHz usingcontinuous readout. The resulting stream of raw data at 3.5 TB/s has to be processed with a setof lossy and lossless compression and data reduction techniques to a storage data rate of 90 GB/swhile preserving relevant data for physics analysis. This contribution presents a custom losslessdata compression scheme based on entropy coding as the final component in the data reductionchain which has to compress the data rate from 300 GB/s to 90 GB/s. A flexible, multi-processarchitecture for the data comp…
The ALICE Central Trigger Processor (CTP) is going to be upgraded for LHC Run 3 with completely new hardware and a new Trigger and Timing Control (TTC-PON) system based on a Passive Optical Network (PON) system. The new trigger system has been designed as dead time free and able to transmit trigger data at 9.6 Gbps. A new universal trigger board has been designed, where by changing the FMC card, it can function as a CTP or as a LTU. It is based on the Xilinx Kintex Ultrascale FPGA and upgraded TTC-PON. The new trigger system and the prototype of the trigger board will be presented.
The ALICE experiment at CERN is preparing for a major upgrade for the third phase of data taking run (Run 3), when the high luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) starts. The increase in the beam luminosity will result in high interaction rate causing the data acquisition rate to exceed 3 TB/sec. In order to acquire data for all the events and to handle the increased data rate, a transition in the readout electronics architecture from the triggered to the trigger-less acquisition mode is required. In this new architecture, a dedicated electronics block called the Common Readout Un…
The ALICE experiment will run with continuous readout at interaction rates of up to 50 kHz in Pb-Pb collisions during Run 3 of the LHC. In order to achieve this goal, a new data processing scheme and software are developed. This scheme strongly relies on GPUs (Graphics Processing Unit) for fast online and offline calibration and reconstruction as well as on efficient data compression. On the hardware side, the Time Projection Chamber (TPC), among other detector systems, received major upgrades to its readout chambers and readout electronics. The multiwire proportional chambers were replaced by…
The O2 software framework and GPU usage in ALICE online and offline reconstruction in Run 3
针对LHC Run 3中ALICE实验数据处理速率提升100倍的需求，研发了基于消息传递的O2计算系统，同步重建以GPU上的TPC处理为主，正推进将其他探测器计算负载卸载到GPU以利用异步阶段集群算力。
This document describes the plans of the ALICE Collaboration for a major upgrade of its detector, referred to as ALICE 3, which is proposed for physics data-taking in the LHC Run 5 and beyond. ALICE 3 will enable an extensive programme to fully exploit the LHC for the study of the properties of strongly interacting matter with high-energy nuclear collisions. The proposed detector layout, based on advanced silicon sensors, features superb pointing resolution, excellent tracking and particle identification over a large acceptance and high readout-rate capabilities. This document discusses the pr…
The ALICE Time-Of-Flight (TOF) detector at LHC is based on the Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPCs). The TOF performance during LHC Run 2 is here reported. Particular attention is given to the improved time resolution reached by TOF detector of $56$ ps, with the consequently improved particle identification capabilities.
The ALICE experiment has undergone a major upgrade for LHC Run 3 and will collect data at an interaction rate 50 times larger than before. The new computing scheme for Run 3 replaces the traditionally separate online and offline frameworks by a unified one, which is called O2. Processing will happen in two phases. During data taking, a synchronous processing phase performs data compression, calibration, and quality control on the online computing farm. The output is stored on an onsite disk buffer. When there is no beam in the LHC, the same computing farm is used for the asynchronous reprocess…
ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is one of four major experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The High Level Trigger (HLT) is a compute cluster, which reconstructs collisions as recorded by the ALICE detector in real-time. It employs a custom online data-transport framework to distribute data and workload among the compute nodes. ALICE employs subdetectors sensitive to environmental conditions such as pressure and temperature, e.g. the Time Projection Chamber (TPC). A precise reconstruction of particle trajectories requires the calibration of these detectors. Performing …
ALICE Event Display -- from the legacy ROOT-based visualization to the web-based application
本文介绍ALICE实验将粒子轨迹可视化组件从基于ROOT的传统方案迁移至现代Web应用的过程，展示新架构并讨论其优势。
Recent results and upgrade of the ALICE muon spectrometer
本研究介绍CERN LHC上ALICE实验μ子谱仪的升级：新增MFT探测器提升前向快度区物理性能，结合Run 3更高的对撞速率与数据量，展示升级后的预期性能与初步结果，助力QGP性质研究。
In LHC Run 3, ALICE will increase the data taking rate significantly, from an approximately 1 kHz trigger readout in minimum-bias Pb--Pb collisions to a 50 kHz continuous readout rate. The reconstruction strategy of the online-offline computing upgrade foresees a synchronous online reconstruction stage during data taking, which generates the detector calibration, and a posterior calibrated asynchronous reconstruction stage. The huge amount of data requires a significant compression in order to store all recorded events. The aim is a factor 20 compression of the TPC data, which is one of the ma…
Commissioning and first performances of the ALICE MID RPCs
本文介绍ALICE实验在LHC Run 3中将μ子触发系统升级为MID，采用FEERIC前端电子学以降低RPC老化并提升计数率能力，并报告调试阶段RPC的性能结果。
The ALICE 3 detector concept for LHC Runs 5 and 6 and its physics performance
ALICE合作组提出适配LHC第5、6运行阶段的下一代探测器ALICE 3，凭借高分辨率径迹系统等先进装置，可开展QGP性质、强子相等多领域创新物理测量，本文介绍其设计、性能与研发现状。
In LHC Run 3, ALICE will increase the data taking rate significantly to continuous readout of 50 kHz minimum bias Pb-Pb collisions. The reconstruction strategy of the online offline computing upgrade foresees a first synchronous online reconstruction stage during data taking enabling detector calibration, and a posterior calibrated asynchronous reconstruction stage. We present a tracking algorithm for the Time Projection Chamber (TPC), the main tracking detector of ALICE. The reconstruction must yield results comparable to current offline reconstruction and meet the time constraints like in th…
The ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) proposes major detector upgrades to fully exploit the increase of the luminosity of the LHC in RUN~3 and to extend the physics reach for rare probes at low transverse momentum. The Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is one of the main tracking and PID devices in the central barrel of ALICE. The maximum trigger rate of the TPC is currently limited to about 3.5 kHz by the operation of a gating grid system. In order to make full use of the luminosity in RUN 3, the TPC is foreseen to be operated in an ungated mode with continuous readout. The exis…
Characterization Of MOSS For The ALICE ITS3 For The LHC Run 4
本文对ALICE ITS3升级中用于LHC Run 4的65纳米CMOS拼接晶圆级单片有源像素传感器MOSS进行特性研究，验证了其拼接可行性，并通过束流和实验室测试证明效率超过99%、假命中率低于0.1像素⁻¹秒⁻¹，满足ITS3要求。
The ALICE experiment profited of the Long Shutdown during 2019-2021 in order to expand its physics capabilities and fully profit from the increased LHC luminosity in Run 3. The Inner Tracking System has been replaced with a new silicon tracker based on MAPS technology, and a new tracking device has been added in front of the Muon Spectrometer to improve its vertexing capabilities. The wire chambers for TPC readout have been replaced with new GEM detectors which will minimize ion backflow and allow for continuous data taking: moreover, a new detector array dedicated to fast triggering has been …
扫码添加微信好友，提出您的宝贵建议 👇
💡 备注请填写：网站反馈
发表机构由 AI 从论文文本抽取，如发现错误，欢迎反馈修正建议。