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arXiv 1609.07714stat.ME
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利用来自测量和数值模拟的不完全数据推断空间过程

Inference for spatial processes using imperfect data from measurements and numerical simulations

Benjamin D. Youngman, David B. Stephenson

摘要:

我们提出了一个空间过程的推理框架,有实际值不完美的数据表示。环境过程表示为空间场,无论是在固定的时间点,或在固定的时间段内聚合,进行了研究。由复杂的计算机模型进行的测量和模拟的数据用于推断空间场的实际值。地统计学和统计仿真的方法用于明确捕获空间字段的实际值和模拟值之间的差异。地统计模型捕捉空间差异:模拟值和实际值之间的空间结构差异。模拟器表示强度差异:给定强度的模拟值的偏差。还表示了测量误差。高斯过程先验代表每个误差源,给出了实际空间场的后验分布的解析表达式。50个欧洲风暴的实际足迹,代表了72小时内网格上的最大阵风速度,来自欧洲各站的阵风速度测量值,并从气象局统一模型的缩小版本中模拟输出。推导出的足迹有现实的空间结构,阵风速度更接近测量比原来模拟。

英文摘要:

We present a framework for inference for spatial processes that have actual values imperfectly represented by data. Environmental processes represented as spatial fields, either at fixed time points, or aggregated over fixed time periods, are studied. Data from both measurements and simulations performed by complex computer models are used to infer actual values of the spatial fields. Methods from geostatistics and statistical emulation are used to explicitly capture discrepancies between a spatial field's actual and simulated values. A geostatistical model captures spatial discrepancy: the difference in spatial structure between simulated and actual values. An emulator represents the intensity discrepancy: the bias in simulated values of given intensity. Measurement error is also represented. Gaussian process priors represent each source of error, which gives an analytical expression for the posterior distribution for the actual spatial field. Actual footprints for 50 European windstorms, which represent maximum wind gust speeds on a grid over a 72-hour period, are derived from wind gust speed measurements taken at stations across Europe and output simulated from a downscaled version of the Met Office Unified Model. The derived footprints have realistic spatial structure, and gust speeds closer to the measurements than originally simulated.

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