深水水合物泡沫中的温度效应
Temperature effects in deep-water hydrate foam
摘要：
本研究的重点是在天然气水合物稳定区（GHSZ）的贝加尔湖的甲烷气泡，并在开放的容器中交付到湖面的水合物泡沫形成过程中的热量和质量交换过程。由于用捕集器/容器收集甲烷气泡而形成泡沫。捕集器是直径为70 mm、长为360 mm的倒置玻璃烧杯。烧杯底部开口，作为气泡从湖底上升的入口。在1400米的深度，所有进入捕集器的气泡在这里转化为固体水合物泡沫。灵敏的温度计安装在陷阱的中间，并记录陷阱内的温度。用摄像机记录了气泡在陷阱中的命运。在以0.375m/s的速度上升的过程中，我们观察到泡沫中的温度在1400 - 750 m的深度间隔内持续下降到负幅度的水平。750 m以上的温度下降由小的增长改变。然而，一旦圈闭上升到380 m深处的GHSZ顶边界以上，温度急剧下降。当温度降至负值-0.25 ° C时，温度急剧稳定下来，直到捕集器到达表面才进一步变化。上升过程中温度的降低是由于气体的冷却，这是克服流体静压力做功的结果。GHSZ边界处的温度下降是由于水合物分解吸收热量所致。
英文摘要：
This study focuses on heat and mass exchange processes in hydrate foam during its formation from methane bubbles in gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) of the Lake Baikal and following delivery of it in open container to the lake surface. The foam was formed as a result of methane bubble collection with a trap/container. The trap was inverted glass beaker of diameter of 70 mm and 360 mm long. Open bottom end of the beaker used as enter for bubbles ascended from the lakebed. At a depth of 1400 m all bubbles which fed to the trap were transformed here into solid hydrate foam. The sensitive thermometer was mounted in the middle of the trap and recorded the temperature inside trap. The fate of the bubbles in the trap was recorded by video-camera. During ascend within GHSZ with velocity of about 0.375 m/s we observed the continuous decrease of the temperature in the foam up to a level of negative magnitude in a depth interval of 1400 - 750 meters. Above 750 m temperature decrease was changed by small growth. However once the trap ascended above top boundary of GHSZ at a depth of 380 m, the temperature fell sharply. Falling to a negative values -0.25 oC, the temperature sharply stabilized and did not changed further until the trap reached the surface. The decreasing of the temperature during the ascent is due to the cooling of gas as a result of the performing of the work against the forces of hydrostatic pressure. The temperature drop at the boundary of the GHSZ is due to the absorption of heat by the decomposition of hydrate.
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