深水甲烷气泡向水合物的转化
Transformation of deep-water methane bubbles into hydrate
摘要：
本文致力于研究该盆地天然气水合物稳定带中甲烷气泡的机理。在贝加尔湖现场研究了深水甲烷气泡转化为固体水合物的过程。从底部释放的甲烷气泡被不同的透明壁陷阱捕获。观察到当气泡进入捕集器的内部空间时，取决于环境条件，气泡可以转化为两种不同的固体水合物结构。第一种结构是由1 mm量级的固体碎片组成的水合物颗粒物，第二种结构是由5 mm量级的固体气泡组成的高孔固体泡沫，在圈闭提升至水合物稳定带顶边界过程中，所形成的颗粒物没有发生变化，而固体泡沫样品在提升过程中释放出大量的游离甲烷。结果表明，气泡取样深度的减小和气泡流量的减小有利于水合物颗粒物质的形成，而气泡取样深度的增加和气泡流量的增大有利于气泡转化为高孔隙度的固体水合物泡沫。
英文摘要：
The paper is dedicated to the mechanics of the methane bubbles in the gas hydrate stability zone of the basin. Transformation of deep-water methane bubbles into solid hydrate was investigated in Lake Baikal in situ. Released from the bottom methane bubbles were caught by different traps with transparent walls. It was observed that when bubbles entered into internal space of the trap, the bubbles could be transformed into two different solid hydrate structures depending on ambient conditions. The first structure is hydrate granular matter consisted of solid fragments with sizes of order of 1 mm. The second structure is high porous solid foam consisted of solid bubbles with sizes of order of 5 mm. The formed granular matter did not change during trap lifting up to top border of gas hydrate stability zone, whereas free methane intensively released from solid foam sample during it lifting. It was concluded that the decrease of the depth of bubble sampling and the decrease of the bubble flux rate assist to formation of hydrate granular matter, whereas increase of the depth of bubble sampling and growth of bubble flux rate assist to conversation of bubbles into high porous solid hydrate foam.
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