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arXiv 1609.06408math.OCcs.SYeess.SY
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基于控制屏障函数的二次规划用于安全关键系统

Control Barrier Function Based Quadratic Programs for Safety Critical Systems

California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);University of Michigan(密歇根大学);University of California at Los Angles(加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校)

Aaron D. Ames, Xiangru Xu, Jessy W. Grizzle, Paulo Tabuada

AI总结:

本文提出将安全约束与性能目标统一在二次规划中的方法,通过控制屏障函数和控制李雅普诺夫函数的结合,实现安全与性能的协调控制。

摘要:

安全关键系统涉及潜在冲突的控制目标与安全约束之间的紧密耦合。本文提出一种方法,将安全条件(作为控制屏障函数)与性能目标(作为控制李雅普诺夫函数)统一在实时优化控制器中。安全条件通过集合的前向不变性指定,并通过两种新的屏障函数泛化进行验证;每种情况下,满足Lyapunov-like条件的屏障函数的存在意味着集合的前向不变性,且这两种屏障函数类别的关系被刻画。此外,这些公式化方法提供了控制屏障函数(CBF)的概念,提供了控制输入的不等式约束,当满足时再次意味着集合的前向不变性。通过这些构造,CBF可以自然地与控制李雅普诺夫函数(CLFs)在二次规划(QP)的背景下统一;这使得在满足系统可接受状态条件(由CBF表示)的情况下实现控制目标(由CLFs表示)。通过二次规划协调安全与性能,在自适应巡航控制和车道保持两个汽车控制问题上进行了演示,这两个问题都涉及安全性和性能考虑以及执行器限制。

英文摘要:

Safety critical systems involve the tight coupling between potentially conflicting control objectives and safety constraints. As a means of creating a formal framework for controlling systems of this form, and with a view toward automotive applications, this paper develops a methodology that allows safety conditions -- expressed as control barrier functions -- to be unified with performance objectives -- expressed as control Lyapunov functions -- in the context of real-time optimization-based controllers. Safety conditions are specified in terms of forward invariance of a set, and are verified via two novel generalizations of barrier functions; in each case, the existence of a barrier function satisfying Lyapunov-like conditions implies forward invariance of the set, and the relationship between these two classes of barrier functions is characterized. In addition, each of these formulations yields a notion of control barrier function (CBF), providing inequality constraints in the control input that, when satisfied, again imply forward invariance of the set. Through these constructions, CBFs can naturally be unified with control Lyapunov functions (CLFs) in the context of a quadratic program (QP); this allows for the achievement of control objectives (represented by CLFs) subject to conditions on the admissible states of the system (represented by CBFs). The mediation of safety and performance through a QP is demonstrated on adaptive cruise control and lane keeping, two automotive control problems that present both safety and performance considerations coupled with actuator bounds.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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