弯曲单晶的形成
Formation of Curved Micron-Sized Single Crystals
摘要：
自然界中的晶体通常表现出弯曲的形态，而不是经典的刻面表面。受生物弯曲单晶的启发，我们证明了具有弯曲表面的金单晶可以在不需要任何制造步骤的情况下生长。这些单晶从通过纳米薄膜的去湿形成的共晶组合物熔体的液滴的受限体积生长。我们可以通过控制进行该过程的环境来控制它们的曲率，包括几个参数，例如通过在晶体生长期间改变液滴的表面张力来控制液滴的接触角和曲率。在这里，我们提出了一个充满活力的模型，解释了这种现象，并预测为什么和在什么条件下，晶体将被迫与微滴的曲率生长，即使弯曲的单晶的能量状态是非常高的。
英文摘要：
Crystals in nature often demonstrate curved morphologies rather than classical faceted surfaces. Inspired by biogenic curved single crystals, we demonstrate that gold single crystals exhibiting curved surfaces can be grown with no need of any fabrication steps. These single crystals grow from the confined volume of a droplet of a eutectic composition melt which forms via the dewetting of nanometric thin films. We can control their curvature by controlling the environment in which the process is carried out, including several parameters, such as the contact angle and the curvature of the drops by changing the surface tension of the liquid drop during crystal growth. Here we present an energetic model that explains this phenomenon and predicts why and under what conditions crystals will be forced to grow with the curvature of the micro droplet even though the energetic state of a curved single crystal is very high.
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