量子反action规避的几何控制理论
Geometric control theory for quantum back-action evasion
摘要：
设计一个传感器系统来探测诸如引力波力这样的极其微小的信号是量子物理学中一个非常重要的课题。这一目标的主要障碍是，在一个简单的检测设置中，测量噪声是由所谓的标准量子极限（SQL），这是源于固有的机械反作用噪声下界。因此，传感器系统必须经过精心设计，以避免反作用噪声，并最终击败SQL。本文基于经典干扰解耦问题的几何控制理论，给出了一种设计传感器系统辅助（相干反馈或直接交互）控制器的一般方法。这一一般理论被应用到一个典型的光机械传感器系统。此外，我们展示了一个控制器设计的实际情况下，存在几个实验缺陷。
英文摘要：
Engineering a sensor system for detecting an extremely tiny signal such as the gravitational-wave force is a very important subject in quantum physics. A major obstacle to this goal is that, in a simple detection setup, the measurement noise is lower bounded by the so-called standard quantum limit (SQL), which is originated from the intrinsic mechanical back-action noise. Hence, the sensor system has to be carefully engineered so that it evades the back-action noise and eventually beats the SQL. In this paper, based on the well-developed geometric control theory for classical disturbance decoupling problem, we provide a general method for designing an auxiliary (coherent feedback or direct interaction) controller for the sensor system to achieve the above-mentioned goal. This general theory is applied to a typical opto-mechanical sensor system. Also, we demonstrate a controller design for a practical situation where several experimental imperfections are present.
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