SPIRITS 15 c和SPIRITS 14 buu：附近恒星形成星系IC 2163中的两颗暗超新星
SPIRITS 15c and SPIRITS 14buu: Two Obscured Supernovae in the Nearby Star-Forming Galaxy IC 2163
摘要：
SPIRITS-斯皮策红外线密集瞬变巡天-是一个正在进行的调查，附近的星系寻找红外线（IR）瞬变与斯皮策/IRAC。我们目前的发现和后续观察我们最明亮的（$M_{[4.5]} = -17.1\pm0.4$等，织女星）和红色（$[3.6] - [4.5] = 3.0 \pm 0.2$等）瞬变，SPIRITS 15 c。在IC 2163（$D\approx35.5$ Mpc）的尘埃螺旋臂中检测到瞬态。发现前的地面成像显示了光学和近红外（NIR）的相关，持续时间较短的瞬态。近红外光谱显示一个广泛的（$\approx 8400$公里的$^{-1}$），双峰的发射线，他我在$1.083 μ$米，表明爆炸的起源。SPIRITS 15 c的近红外光谱与IIb型SN 2011 dh在$\approx 200$天相位的光谱相似。假设SPIRITS 15 c中的PDMATHAMT消光mag提供了它们的光学光变曲线之间的良好匹配。IR光变曲线和极端的$[3.6]-[4.5]$颜色不能仅用标准消光定律来解释。另一个明亮的（$M_{4.5} = -16.1\pm0.4$ mag）事件，SPIRITS 14 buu，在同一个星系中偶然发现。源显示持续$\gtrsim 80$天的光学平台，我们建议的情况类似于低光度类型IIP SN 2005 cs被$A_V \approx 1.5$杂志掩盖。其他类别的IR发光瞬态可能被排除在这两种情况下。如果这两个事件确实是SNe，这可能表明当前操作的光学勘测错过了附近堆芯塌陷SNe的$\gtrsim 18\%$。
英文摘要：
SPIRITS---SPitzer InfraRed Intensive Transients Survey---is an ongoing survey of nearby galaxies searching for infrared (IR) transients with Spitzer/IRAC. We present the discovery and follow-up observations of one of our most luminous ($M_{[4.5]} = -17.1\pm0.4$ mag, Vega) and red ($[3.6] - [4.5] = 3.0 \pm 0.2$ mag) transients, SPIRITS 15c. The transient was detected in a dusty spiral arm of IC 2163 ($D\approx35.5$ Mpc). Pre-discovery ground-based imaging revealed an associated, shorter-duration transient in the optical and near-IR (NIR). NIR spectroscopy showed a broad ($\approx 8400$ km s$^{-1}$), double-peaked emission line of He I at $1.083 μ$m, indicating an explosive origin. The NIR spectrum of SPIRITS 15c is similar to that of the Type IIb SN 2011dh at a phase of $\approx 200$ days. Assuming $A_V = 2.2$ mag of extinction in SPIRITS 15c provides a good match between their optical light curves. The IR light curves and the extreme $[3.6]-[4.5]$ color cannot be explained using only a standard extinction law. Another luminous ($M_{4.5} = -16.1\pm0.4$ mag) event, SPIRITS 14buu, was serendipitously discovered in the same galaxy. The source displays an optical plateau lasting $\gtrsim 80$ days, and we suggest a scenario similar to the low-luminosity Type IIP SN 2005cs obscured by $A_V \approx 1.5$ mag. Other classes of IR-luminous transients can likely be ruled out in both cases. If both events are indeed SNe, this may suggest $\gtrsim 18\%$ of nearby core-collapse SNe are missed by currently operating optical surveys.
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