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arXiv 1609.02145astro-ph.GA
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射电连续统理论对邻近早型星系中恒星形成的研究

Star Formation in Nearby Early-Type Galaxies: The Radio Continuum Perspective

Kristina Nyland, Lisa M. Young, Joan M. Wrobel, Timothy A. Davis, Martin Bureau, Katherine Alatalo, Raffaella Morganti, Pierre-Alain Duc, P. T. de Zeeuw, Richar… 展开作者

Kristina Nyland, Lisa M. Young, Joan M. Wrobel, Timothy A. Davis, Martin Bureau, Katherine Alatalo, Raffaella Morganti, Pierre-Alain Duc, P. T. de Zeeuw, Richard M. McDermid, Alison F. Crocker, Tom Oosterloo

摘要:

我们提出了一个1.4 GHz的卡尔G。Jansky甚大阵列(VLA)研究来自体积和星等限制的ATLAS-3D巡天的早期类型星系(ETG)样本。这些ETG在5”分辨率下的射电形态是多样的,包括在sub-kpc尺度上紧凑的源,类似于恒星形成的螺旋星系中所看到的结构,以及与活动核相关的kpc尺度射电喷流/瓣。我们比较了1.4 GHz,分子气体,和红外(IR)这些ETG的属性。最富CO的ATLAS-3D ETG的射电光度与晚型星系研究中H_2质量导出的恒星形成率的外推结果一致。这些ETG也遵循无线电-IR相关性。然而,与螺旋相比,具有较低分子气体质量的ETG倾向于具有相对于其CO和IR发射较少的无线电发射。在我们的样本中,具有高IR-射电比的星系比例远远高于以前的研究,并且不能通过系统低估射电光度来解释,因为存在扩展的低表面亮度发射,这在我们的VLA观测中得到了解决。此外,我们还发现高红外-射电比往往发生在低红外光度下,但与低动力学质量或金属丰度无关。因此,我们已经确定了一个人口的ETG有一个真正的不足,无线电发射相对于他们的IR和分子气体发射。许多机制可能共同导致这种无线电不足,包括底部重的恒星初始质量函数,弱磁场,与螺旋相比更普遍的环境影响以及增强的宇宙射线损失。

英文摘要:

We present a 1.4 GHz Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) study of a sample of early-type galaxies (ETGs) from the volume- and magnitude-limited ATLAS-3D survey. The radio morphologies of these ETGs at a resolution of 5" are diverse and include sources that are compact on sub-kpc scales, resolved structures similar to those seen in star-forming spiral galaxies, and kpc-scale radio jets/lobes associated with active nuclei. We compare the 1.4 GHz, molecular gas, and infrared (IR) properties of these ETGs. The most CO-rich ATLAS-3D ETGs have radio luminosities consistent with extrapolations from H_2-mass-derived star formation rates from studies of late-type galaxies. These ETGs also follow the radio-IR correlation. However, ETGs with lower molecular gas masses tend to have less radio emission relative to their CO and IR emission compared to spirals. The fraction of galaxies in our sample with high IR-radio ratios is much higher than in previous studies, and cannot be explained by a systematic underestimation of the radio luminosity due to the presence extended, low-surface-brightness emission that was resolved-out in our VLA observations. In addition, we find that the high IR-radio ratios tend to occur at low IR luminosities, but are not associated with low dynamical mass or metallicity. Thus, we have identified a population of ETGs that have a genuine shortfall of radio emission relative to both their IR and molecular gas emission. A number of mechanisms may conspire to cause this radio deficiency, including a bottom-heavy stellar initial mass function, weak magnetic fields, a higher prevalence of environmental effects compared to spirals and enhanced cosmic ray losses.

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