Using archival data from the HI Parkes All Sky Survey (HIPASS) we have searched for 21 cm line absorption in 204 nearby radio and star-forming galaxies with continuum flux densities greater than $S_{1.4} \approx 250$ mJy within the redshift range $0 < cz < 12000$ km s$^{-1}$. By applying a detection method based on Bayesian model comparison, we successfully detect and model absorption against the radio-loud nuclei of four galaxies, of which the Seyfert 2 galaxy 2MASX J130804201-2422581 was previously unknown. All four detections were achieved against compact radio sources, which include three active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and a nuclear starburst, exhibiting high dust and molecular gas content. Our results are consistent with the detection rate achieved by the recent ALFALFA (Arecibo Legacy Fast Arecibo L-band Feed Array) HI absorption pilot survey by Darling et al. and we predict that the full ALFALFA survey should yield more than three to four times as many detections as we have achieved here. Furthermore, we predict that future all-sky surveys on the Square Kilometre Array precursor telescopes will be able to detect such strong absorption systems associated with type 2 AGNs at much higher redshifts, providing potential targets for detection of H$_{2}$O megamaser emission at cosmological redshifts.
The Delegate Survey: KOALA/AAOmega-IFU spectroscopy of three nearby dwarf galaxies
The Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）；University of Queensland（昆士兰大学）；Macquarie University（麦考瑞大学）；University of New South Wales（新南威尔士大学）；University of California Observatories（加州大学天文台）
We present the results of a survey for intervening 21cm HI absorption in a sample of 10 nearby, gas-rich galaxies selected from the HI Parkes All-Sky Survey (HIPASS). This follows the six HIPASS galaxies searched in previous work and completes our full sample. In this paper we searched for absorption along 17 sightlines with impact parameters between 6 and 46 kpc, making one new detection. We also obtained simultaneous HI emission-line data, allowing us to directly relate the absorption-line detection rate to the HI distribution. From this we find the majority of the non-detections in the curr…
We present new multi-wavelength scaling relations between the neutral hydrogen content (HI) and the stellar properties of nearby galaxies selected from the HI Parkes All-Sky Survey (HIPASS). We use these new scaling relations to investigate the environmental dependency of the HI content of galaxies. We find that galaxies in high density environments tend to have on average less HI than galaxies with the same stellar mass in the low density environment. Our new HI scaling relations allow us to identify individual galaxies, as well as group/cluster environments, that have an `anomalous' HI conte…
We present the results of a targeted search for intervening HI absorption in six nearby, gas-rich galaxies using the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). The sightlines searched have impact parameters of 10-20 kpc. By targeting nearby galaxies we are also able to map their HI emission, allowing us to directly relate the absorption-line detection rate to the extended HI distribution. The continuum sightlines intersect the HI disk in four of the six galaxies, but no intervening absorption was detected. Of these four galaxies, we find that three of the non-detections are the result of the ba…
Dust has long been identified as a barrier to measuring inherent galaxy properties. However, the link between dust and attenuation is not straightforward and depends on both the amount of dust and its distribution. Herschel imaging of nearby galaxies undertaken as part of the KINGFISH project allows us to map the dust as seen in emission with unprecedented sensitivity and ~1 kpc resolution. We present here new optical integral field unit spectroscopy for eight of these galaxies that provides complementary 100-200 pc scale maps of the dust attenuation through observation of the reddening in bot…
We present basic data and modeling for a survey of the cool, photo-ionized Circum-Galactic Medium (CGM) of low-redshift galaxies using far-UV QSO absorption line probes. This survey consists of "targeted" and "serendipitous" CGM subsamples, originally described in Stocke et al. (2013, Paper 1). The targeted subsample probes low-luminosity, late-type galaxies at $z<0.02$ with small impact parameters ($\langleρ\rangle = 71$ kpc), and the serendipitous subsample probes higher luminosity galaxies at $z\lesssim0.2$ with larger impact parameters ($\langleρ\rangle = 222$ kpc). HST and FUSE UV spectro…
Emission from metal resonant lines has recently emerged as a potentially powerful probe of the structure of galactic winds at low and high redshift. In this work, we present only the second example of spatially resolved observations of NaI D emission from a galactic wind in a nearby galaxy (and the first 3D observations at any redshift). F05189-2524, a nearby (z=0.043) ultra luminous infrared galaxy powered by a quasar, was observed with the integral field unit on the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) at Gemini North. NaI D absorption in the system traces dusty filaments on the near side…
HI absorption studies yield information on both AGN feeding and feedback processes. This AGN activity interacts with the neutral gas in compact radio sources, which are believed to represent the young or recently re-triggered AGN population. We present the results of a survey for HI absorption in a sample of 66 compact radio sources at 0.040 < z < 0.096 with the Australia Telescope Compact Array. In total, we obtained seven detections, five of which are new, with a large range of peak optical depths (3% to 87%). Of the detections, 71% exhibit asymmetric, broad ($Δ{v}_{\mathrm{FWHM}}$ > 100 km …
HI absorption in MHONGOOSE -- Spin temperatures and cold neutral medium in nearby disk galaxies
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)（荷兰射电天文研究所）；University of Cape Town（开普敦大学）；Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学卡佩坦天文研究所）；INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari（意大利国家天体物理研究所-卡利亚里天文台）；Wits Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand（威特沃特斯兰德大学物理学院天体物理中心）；Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg（斯特拉斯堡大学，法国国家科学研究中心，斯特拉斯堡天文台）；INAF – Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory（意大利国家天体物理研究所-阿尔切特里天文台）；Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze（佛罗伦萨大学物理与天文系）
The `Local Volume HI Survey' (LVHIS) comprises deep HI spectral line and 20-cm radio continuum observations of 82 nearby, gas-rich galaxies, supplemented by multi-wavelength images. Our sample consists of all galaxies with Local Group velocities v_LG < 550 km/s or distances D < 10 Mpc that are detected in the HI Parkes All Sky Survey (HIPASS). Using full synthesis observations in at least three configurations of the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), we obtain detailed HI maps for a complete sample of gas-rich galaxies with Dec < -30 deg. Here we present a comprehensive LVHIS Galaxy Atl…
The nearby isolated neutron stars are a group of seven relatively slowly rotating neutron stars that show thermal X-ray spectra, most with broad absorption features. They are interesting both because they may allow one to determine fundamental neutron-star properties by modeling their spectra, and because they appear to be a large fraction of the overall neutron-star population. Here, we describe a series of XMM-Newton observations of the nearby isolated neutron star RX J0806.4-4123, taken as part of larger program of timing studies. From these, we limit the spin-down rate to dnu/dt=(-4.3+/-2.…
Centimeter-wave transitions are important counterparts to the rotational mm-wave transitions usually observed to study gas in star-forming regions. However, given their relative weakness, these transitions have historically been neglected. We present Australia Telescope Compact Array 4cm- and 15mm-band spectral line observations of nine nearby star-forming galaxies in the H75 array configuration. Thirteen different molecular lines are detected across the sample from OH, NH$_3$, H$_2$O, H$_2$CO, and c-C$_3$H$_2$, as well as 18 radio recombination lines (RRLs) in NGC 253. Excited OH $^2Π_{3/2}$ …
The shape of low-frequency radio continuum spectra of normal galaxies is not well understood, the key question being the role of physical processes such as thermal absorption in shaping them. In this work we take advantage of the LOFAR Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS) to investigate such spectra for a large sample of nearby star-forming galaxies. Using the measured 150MHz flux densities from the LOFAR MSSS survey and literature flux densities at various frequencies we have obtained integrated radio spectra for 106 galaxies. The spectra are explained through the use of a three-dimensio…
The dust mass absorption coefficient, $κ_{d}$, is the conversion function used to infer physical dust masses from observations of dust emission. However, it is notoriously poorly constrained, and it is highly uncertain how it varies, either between or within galaxies. Here we present the results of a proof-of concept study, using the DustPedia data for two nearby face-on spiral galaxies M74 (NGC 628) and M83 (NGC 5236), to create the first ever maps of $κ_{d}$ in galaxies. We determine $κ_{d}$ using an empirical method that exploits the fact that the dust-to-metals ratio of the interstellar me…
From a Chandra sample of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in nearby galaxies, we find that for low-luminosity AGNs (LLAGNs), either the intrinsic absorption column density, or the fraction of absorbed AGNs, positively scales with the Eddington ratio for $L_{\rm bol}/L_{\rm Edd} \lesssim 10^{-2}$. Such a behavior, along with the softness of the X-ray spectrum at low luminosities, is in good agreement with the picture that they are powered by hot accretion flows surrounding supermassive black holes. Numerical simulations find that outflows are inevitable with hot accretion flows, and the outflow ra…
We discuss the dense molecular gas in central regions of nearby Seyfert galaxies, and report new arcsec resolution observations of HCN(1-0) and HCO$^+$(1-0) for 3 objects. In NGC 3079 the lines show complex profiles as a result of self-absorption and saturated continuum absorption. H$^{13}$CN reveals the continuum absorption profile, with a peak close to the galaxy's systemic velocity that traces disk rotation, and a second feature with a blue wing extending to $-350$km s$^{-1}$ that most likely traces a nuclear outflow. The morphological and spectral properties of the emission lines allow us …
One of the major science goals of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is to understand the role played by atomic hydrogen (HI) gas in the evolution of galaxies throughout cosmic time. The hyperfine transition line of the hydrogen atom at 21-cm is one of the best tools to detect and study the properties of HI gas associated with galaxies. In this article, we review our current understanding of HI gas and its relationship with galaxies through observations of the 21-cm line both in emission and absorption. In addition, we provide an overview of the HI science that will be possible with SKA and its …
We present spectra of the nuclear regions of 50 nearby (D = 1 - 92 Mpc, median = 20 Mpc) galaxies of morphological types E to Sm. The spectra, obtained with the Gemini Near-IR Spectrograph on the Gemini North telescope, cover a wavelength range of approximately 0.85-2.5 microns at R~1300--1800. There is evidence that most of the galaxies host an active galactic nucleus (AGN), but the range of AGN luminosities (log (L2-10 keV [erg/s]) = 37.0-43.2) in the sample means that the spectra display a wide variety of features. Some nuclei, especially the Seyferts, exhibit a rich emission-line spectrum.…
We analyze interstellar absorption features in the full UV spectrum of the nearby (d = 24 pc) B8 IVn star alpha Leo (Regulus) obtained at high resolution and high S/N by the HST ASTRAL Treasury program. We derive column densities for many key atomic species and interpret their partial ionizations. The gas in front of alpha Leo exhibits two absorption components, one of which coincides in velocity with the local interstellar cloud (LIC) that surrounds the Sun. The second, smaller, component is shifted by +5.6 km/s relative to the main component, in agreement with results for other lines of sigh…
Searching in the MaNGA IFU survey, I identify 9 galaxies that have strong Balmer absorption lines and weak nebular emission lines measured from the spectra integrated over the entire IFUs. The spectral features measured from the bulk of the stellar light make these galaxies local analogs of high-redshift spectroscopically-selected post-starburst galaxies, thus, proxies to understand the mechanisms producing post-starburst galaxies at high-redshifts. I present the distributions of absorption-line indices and emission-line strengths, as well as stellar kinematics of these local post-starburst ga…
We present high resolution (R = 114,000) ultraviolet measurements of the interstellar absorption line profiles of the CIV (1550 A) high ionization doublet recorded towards the nearby B2Ve star HD 158427 (d~74pc). These data, which were recorded with the recently re-furbished STIS instrument on the HST, represent the most convincing detection yet of highly ionized CIV absorption that can be associated with interstellar gas located within the boundary of the Local Cavity. Two highly ionized gas clouds at V1 = -24.3 km/s and V2 = -41.3 km/s are revealed in both CIV absorption lines, with the V1 c…
We report the detection of 23 OH+(1-0) absorption, emission, or P-Cygni-shaped lines and CO(9-8) emission lines in 18 Herschel-selected z=2-6 starburst galaxies with ALMA and NOEMA, taken as part of the Gas And Dust Over cosmic Time (GADOT) Galaxy Survey. We find that the CO(9-8) luminosity is higher than expected based on the far-infrared luminosity when compared to nearby star-forming galaxies. Together with the strength of the OH+ emission components, this may suggest that shock excitation of warm, dense molecular gas is more prevalent in distant massive dusty starbursts than in nearby star…
We present medium resolution near-infrared host galaxy spectra of low redshift quasars, PG 0844 + 349 (z=0.064), PG 1226 + 023 (z=0.158), and PG 1426+015 (z=0.086). The observations were done by using the Infrared Camera and Spectrograph (IRCS) at the Subaru 8.2 m telescope. The full width at half maximum of the point spread function was about 0.3 arcsec by operations of an adaptive optics system, which can effectively resolve the quasar spectra from the host galaxy spectra. We spent up to several hours per target and developed data reduction methods to reduce the systematic noises of the tell…
We present an analysis of the properties of neutral hydrogen (HI) in 248 nearby (0.02<z<0.25) radio galaxies with $S_{\rm 1.4\, GHz}>30$ mJy and for which optical spectroscopy is available. The observations were carried out with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope as the last large project before the upgrade of the telescope with phased array feed receivers (Apertif). The sample covers almost four orders of magnitude in radio power from $\log\,P_{\rm 1.4 \,GHz}=22.5$ W Hz$^{-1}$ and $26.2$ W Hz$^{-1}$. We detect HI in absorption in $27\% \pm 5.5\%$ of the objects. The distribution and kin…
We discover two infrared objects that show deep absorption features of H2O, CO2, and CO ices in the AKARI/Infrared Camera (IRC) slit-less spectroscopic survey of the Galactic plane in 2.5--13 micron. Both objects are located neither in known star-forming regions nor in known dense clouds. For one of the objects, Object 1, we successfully extract a spectrum from 2.5 to 13 micron, which also shows several absorption features in 5--13 micron, including deep silicate absorption at 10 micron. For the other object, Object 2, only a spectrum from 3.1 to 5 micron is reliably extracted due to the prese…
No Evidence for Nearby Circumstellar Material in the Type Ia Supernova 2025rbs
University of California, Davis（加州大学戴维斯分校）；University of California, San Diego（加州大学圣地亚哥分校）；Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey（新泽西州立罗格斯大学）；Gemini Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab（双子座天文台/美国国家光学红外天文实验室）；Steward Observatory, University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学斯图尔德天文台）；NASA Exoplanet Science Institute / Caltech-IPAC（NASA系外行星科学研究所/加州理工学院IPAC）；NSF’s NOIRLab（美国国家光学红外天文实验室）
We present initial results from an ongoing large-scale study of the circumgalactic medium in the nearby Universe ($cz \leq 10,000$ km/s), using archival Cosmic Origins Spectrograph spectra of background quasi-stellar objects. This initial sample contains 33 sightlines chosen for their proximity to large galaxies (D > 25 kpc) and high signal-to-noise ratios (S/N > 10), yielding 48 Ly$α$ absorption lines that we have paired with 33 unique galaxies, with 29 cases where multiple absorbers within a single sightline are paired with the same galaxy. We introduce a likelihood parameter to facilitate t…
We present Hubble Space Telescope far-UV spectra of 4 QSOs whose sightlines pass through the halo of NGC 1097 at impact parameters of 48 -165 kpc. NGC 1097 is a nearby spiral galaxy that has undergone at least two minor merger events, but no apparent major mergers, and is relatively isolated with respect to other nearby bright galaxies. This makes NGC 1097 a good case study for exploring baryons in a paradigmatic bright-galaxy halo. Lyman-alpha absorption is detected along all sightlines and Si III 1206 is found along the 3 smallest impact parameter sightlines; metal lines of C II, Si II and S…
We study the interstellar Na I $λλ5890, 5895$ (Na D) absorption-line doublet in a nearly-complete sample of $\sim$9900 nearby Seyfert 2 galaxies, in order to quantify the significance of optical AGN activity in driving kpc-scale outflows that can quench star formation. Comparison to a carefully matched sample of $\sim$44,000 control objects indicates that the Seyfert and control population have similar Na D detection rates ($\sim 5-6%$). Only 53 Seyferts (or 0.5% of the population) are found to potentially display galactic-scale winds, compared to 0.8% of the control galaxies. While nearly a t…
We report the first detection of extended neutral hydrogen (HI) gas in the interstellar medium (ISM) of a massive elliptical galaxy beyond z~0. The observations utilize the doubly lensed images of QSO HE 0047-1756 at z_QSO = 1.676 as absorption-line probes of the ISM in the massive (M_star ~ 10^11 M_sun) elliptical lens at z = 0.408, detecting gas at projected distances of d = 3.3 and 4.6 kpc on opposite sides of the lens. Using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS), we obtain UV absorption spectra of the lensed QSO and identify a prominent flux discontinuity and associated absorptio…
We present the detection of hydrogen fluoride, HF, in two luminous nearby galaxies NGC 253 and NGC 4945 using the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI) on board the Herschel Space Observatory. The HF line toward NGC 253 has a P-Cygni profile, while an asymmetric absorption profile is seen toward NGC 4945. The P-Cygni profile in NGC 253 suggests an outflow of molecular gas with a mass of M(H$_2$)$_{out}$ $\sim$ 1 $\times$ 10$^7$ M$_\odot$ and an outflow rate as large as M $\sim$ 6.4 M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. In the case of NGC 4945, the axisymmetric velocity components in the HF line pro…
Near-infrared (NIR) spectra that have an angular resolution of ~ 0.15 arcsec are used to examine the stellar content of the central regions of the nearby elliptical galaxy Maffei 1. The spectra were recorded at the Subaru Telescope, with wavefront distortions corrected by the RAVEN Multi-Object Adaptive Optics science demonstrator. The Ballick-Ramsey C_2 absorption bandhead near 1.76 microns is detected, and models in which 10 - 20% of the light near 1.8 microns originates from stars of spectral type C5 reproduce this feature. Archival NIR and mid-infrared images are also used to probe the str…
Doppler and transit surveys are finding extrasolar planets of ever smaller mass and radius, and are now sampling the domain of superEarths (1-3 Earth radii). Recent results from the Doppler surveys suggest that discovery of a transiting superEarth in the habitable zone of a lower main sequence star may be possible. We evaluate the prospects for an all-sky transit survey targeted to the brightest stars, that would find the most favorable cases for photometric and spectroscopic characterization using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We use the proposed Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite…
Nearby active galactic nuclei were diagnosed in the X-ray and mid-to-far infrared wavelengths, with Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI) and the Japanese infrared observatory AKARI, respectively. Among the X-ray sources listed in the second release of the MAXI all-sky X-ray source catalog, 100 ones are currently identified as a non-blazar-type active galactic nucleus. These include 95 Seyfert galaxies and 5 quasars, and they are composed of 73 type-1 and 27 type-2 objects. The AKARI all-sky survey point source catalog was searched for their mid- and far-infrared counterparts at 9, 18, and 90 …
