White dwarfs (WDs) are believed to detonate via explosive Carbon-fusion in a Type Ia Supernova when their temperature and/or density reach the point where Carbon is ignited in a runaway reaction. Observations of the Type Ia supernova (SN) rate imply all WD binaries that merge through the emission of gravitational radiation within a Hubble time should result in SNe, regardless of total mass. Here we investigate the conditions under which a single WD in a binary system might extract energy from its orbit, depositing enough energy into a resonant mode such that it detonates before merger. We show that, ignoring non-linear effects, in a WD binary in tidal lock at small binary separations, the sustained tidal forcing of a low-order quadrupolar g-mode or a harmonic of a low-order quadrupolar p-mode could in principle drive the average temperature of Carbon nuclei in the mode over the runaway fusion threshold. If growing mode energy is thermalized at a core/atmosphere boundary, rapid Helium burning and inward-travelling p-waves may result in core detonation. Thermalization at a boundary in the core can also result in detonation. If energy can be efficiently transferred from the orbit to modes as the WD binary passes through resonances, the WD merger timescale will be shortened by Myr-Gyr compared to expected timescales from GW-emission alone and GW detectors will observe deviations from predicted chirp profiles in resolved WD binaries. Future work in this area should focus on whether tidal locking in WD binaries is naturally driven towards low-order mode frequencies.
The precise nature of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) progenitors remains a mystery, but the detonation of a sub-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf (WD) has become a promising candidate. There is a growing body of work suggesting that the carbon core detonation of a sub-Chandrasekhar-mass WD can be triggered by the detonation of a helium shell accreted from a companion WD, through either inward shock convergence near the center or direct edge-lit detonation. This "double-detonation" SN Ia can be triggered by a small helium shell and is therefore well approximated by the detonation of a bare carbon-oxyge…
Study of the double detonation Type Ia supernova scenario, in which a helium shell detonation triggers a carbon core detonation in a sub-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf, has experienced a resurgence in the past decade. New evolutionary scenarios and a better understanding of which nuclear reactions are essential have allowed for successful explosions in white dwarfs with much thinner helium shells than in the original, decades-old incarnation of the double detonation scenario. In this paper, we present the first suite of light curves and spectra from multi-dimensional radiative transfer calcula…
First-Principles Turbulence-Driven Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition Mechanism for Near-Chandrasekhar Mass White Dwarf Progenitors
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth（麻省大学达特茅斯分校）；University of Connecticut, School of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Manufacturing Engineering（康涅狄格大学机械、航空航天与制造工程学院）；Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratories for Computational Physics & Fluid Dynamics（海军研究实验室计算物理与流体动力学实验室）；University of Maryland, Physical Sciences Complex, Stadium Drive（马里兰大学）；Universität Heidelberg, Zentrum für Astronomie, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik（海德堡大学天文学中心理论天体物理学研究所）
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are likely the thermonuclear explosions of carbon-oxygen (CO) white-dwarf (WD) stars, but their progenitor systems remain elusive. Recently, Sharon & Kushnir (2022) used The Zwicky Transient Facility Bright Transient Survey to construct a synthesized $^{56}$Ni mass, $M_\text{Ni56}$, distribution of SNe Ia. They found that the rate of low-luminosity ($M_\text{Ni56}\approx0.15\,M_{\odot}$) SNe Ia is lower by a factor of $\sim10$ than the more common $M_\text{Ni56}\approx0.7\,M_{\odot}$ events. We here show that in order for the double-detonation model (DDM, in which a…
Strong Calcium Emission Indicates that the Ultraviolet-Flashing Type Ia SN 2019yvq was the Result of a Sub-Chandrasekhar Mass Double-Detonation Explosion
Evidence for sub-Chandrasekhar-mass progenitors of Type Ia supernovae at the faint end of the width-luminosity relation
低光度Ia型超新星（SNe Ia）的光变曲线演化速度更快，这表明它们可能是由质量低于克拉塞卡质量（$M_{\rm Ch}$）的白矮星（WD）的祖先爆炸造成的。在这里，我们提出了一维非LTE时间相关的辐射传输模拟的纯中心爆炸的碳氧WD与质量（$M_\rm{tot}$）之间的0.88 M $_{\odot}$和1.15 M $_{\odot}$，和一个$^{56}\rm{Ni}$产率之间的0.08 M $_{\odot}$和0.84 M $_{\odot}$。与$M_{\rm Ch}$模型相比，它们较低的喷出物密度导致早期光度更快地增加，并增强了$γ$射线逃逸分数超过最大光。因此，它们的热光变曲线显示较短的上升时间和较大的最大后下降率。此外，在给定的$^{56}\rm{Ni}$质量下，较高的$M(^{56}\rm{Ni})/M_\rm{tot}$比率增强了发光度较低的模型的光谱形成区域中的温度和电离水平，从而在最大光下产生更蓝的颜色，并且$B-V$颜色的最大后演化更快。对于在峰值时比$M_B\approx -18.5$等暗的次$M_{\rm Ch}$模型，较大的热辐射衰减和较快的颜色演变导致较大的$B$带最大后衰减率$ΔM_{15}(B)$。特别是，我们以前发表的所有$M_{\rm Ch}$模型（标准和脉动延迟爆轰）都局限于$ΔM_{15}(B) < 1.4$等，而$M_\rm{tot…
Double detonations in sub-Chandrasekhar mass carbon-oxygen white dwarfs with helium shell are a potential explosion mechanism for a Type Ia supernova (SNe Ia). It comprises a shell detonation and subsequent core detonation. The focus of our study is on the effect of the progenitor metallicity on the nucleosynthetic yields. For this, we compute and analyse a set of eleven different models with varying core and shell masses at four different metallicities each. This results in a total of 44 models at metallicities between 0.01$Z_\odot$ and 3$Z_\odot$. Our models show a strong impact of the metal…
Off-centre ignition of sub-Chandrasekhar white dwarfs does not resolve the tension with the observed $t_0$-$M_{\rm{Ni}56}$ relation of type Ia supernovae
Supernova Ia are bright explosive events that can be used to estimate cosmological distances, allowing us to study the expansion of the Universe. They are understood to result from a thermonuclear detonation in a white dwarf that formed from the exhausted core of a star more massive than the Sun. However, the possible progenitor channels leading to an explosion are a long-standing debate, limiting the precision and accuracy of supernova Ia as distance indicators. Here we present HD265435, a binary system with an orbital period of less than a hundred minutes, consisting of a white dwarf and a h…
Recent observational evidence has demonstrated that white dwarf (WD) mergers are a highly efficient mechanism for mass accretion onto WDs in the galaxy. In this paper, we show that WD mergers naturally produce highly-magnetized, uniformly-rotating WDs, including a substantial population within a narrow mass range close to the Chandrasekhar mass ($M_{\rm Ch}$). These near-$M_{\rm Ch}$ WD mergers subsequently undergo rapid spin up and compression on a $\sim 10^2$ yr timescale, either leading to central ignition and a normal SN Ia via the DDT mechanism, or alternatively to a failed detonation and…
Deciphering the explosion mechanism of Type Ia SNe using their remnants II: a deep dive into double detonations with SNR 0509-67.5
University of Virginia（弗吉尼亚大学）；Virginia Institute for Theoretical Astronomy, University of Virginia（弗吉尼亚大学理论天体物理研究所）；Towson University（陶森大学）；The University of New South Wales（新南威尔士大学）；Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）；South African Astronomical Observatory（南非天文台）；University of Cape Town（开普敦大学）；National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences（国家理论与计算科学研究所）
Despite the importance of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) throughout astronomy, the precise progenitor systems and explosion mechanisms that drive SNe Ia are still unknown. An explosion scenario that has gained traction recently is the double detonation in which an accreted shell of He detonates and triggers a secondary detonation in the underlying white dwarf. Our research presents a number of high resolution, multi-dimensional, full star simulations of thin-He-shell, sub-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf progenitors that undergo a double detonation. This suite of thin-shell progenitors incorporates…
We present extensive optical photometric and spectroscopic observations for the nearby Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2019ein, spanning the phases from $\sim 3$ days to $\sim 330$ days after the explosion. This SN Ia is characterized by extremely fast expansion at early times, with initial velocities of Si II and Ca II being above ~ 25,000--30,000 km/s. After experiencing an unusually rapid velocity decay, the ejecta velocity dropped to ~ 13,000 km/s around maximum light. Photometrically, SN 2019ein has a moderate post-peak decline rate ($Δm_{15}(B) = 1.35 \pm 0.01$ mag), while being fainter than n…
Detonation initiation in a reactive medium can be achieved by an externally created shock wave. Supersonic flow onto a gravitating center, known as Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton (BHL) accretion, is a natural shock wave creating process, but, to our knowledge, a reactive medium has never been considered in the literature. Here, we conduct an order of magnitude analysis to investigate under which conditions the shock-induced reaction zone recouples to the shock front. We derive three semianalytical criteria for self-sustained detonation ignition. We apply these criteria to the special situation where a …
A hybrid type Ia supernova with an early flash triggered by helium-shell detonation
Ia型超新星（SNe Ia）是由碳氧白矮星的热核爆炸产生的。虽然它们光变曲线的均匀性使它们成为强大的宇宙学距离指标，但关于它们的祖先和爆炸机制的长期问题仍然存在。最近探测到的一个特殊的亚发光Ia超新星的早期紫外脉冲已被声称是通过单简并通道的同伴-喷出物相互作用的新证据。在这里，我们报告了一个Ia型超新星爆炸后0.5天在$\sim$发现了一个显著的红色闪光，它显示了不同Ia型超新星子类的混合特征：一个典型的正常亮度Ia型超新星的光变曲线，但具有强烈的钛反射，通常在亚发光的光谱中看到。我们认为，这种混合型超新星Ia的早期闪光与先前提出的同伴-喷出物相互作用等情景的预测不同。相反，它可以自然地解释为SN爆炸，由一个薄氦壳爆炸引发，该薄氦壳发生在一颗近千倍塞卡质量的白矮星（$\gtrsim$ 1.3 M $_{\odot}$）和一颗低当量的$^{56}$ Ni上，或者发生在一颗亚千倍塞卡质量的白矮星（$\sim$ 1.0 M $_{\odot}$）和一颗质量较小的白矮星合并上。这一发现提供了令人信服的证据，证明以前提出的爆炸模型的一个分支，氦点火情景，在自然界中确实存在，这样的情景可能解释白矮星在更大质量范围内的爆炸，而不是以前的假设。
The progenitor systems and explosion mechanism of Type Ia supernovae are still unknown. Currently favoured progenitors include double-degenerate systems consisting of two carbon-oxygen white dwarfs with thin helium shells. In the double-detonation scenario, violent accretion leads to a helium detonation on the more massive primary white dwarf that turns into a carbon detonation in its core and explodes it. We investigate the fate of the secondary white dwarf, focusing on changes of the ejecta and observables of the explosion if the secondary explodes as well rather than survives. We simulate a…
