一个最小表面码实验的建议
A proposal for a minimal surface code experiment
摘要：
当前的量子技术正在接近量子纠错所需的系统尺寸和精度。因此，重要的是要准确确定原理验证实验所需的内容，这将是迈向容错量子计算的第一个重要步骤。在这里，我们提出了一个基于表面码的实验，这是最小的，无论是在代码大小和电路深度方面，这将允许错误被检测和纠正的量子位的$X$和$Z$基础。这需要最初以产物状态制备的$17$物理量子位，在所有量子位的最终测量之前，对其应用$16$双量子位纠缠门。一个平台不可知的错误模型被应用到给成功所需的噪声水平的一些想法。研究发现，量子纠错的真实演示需要量子比特和纠缠门的制备和测量的连续性高于$99\%$。
英文摘要：
Current quantum technology is approaching the system sizes and fidelities required for quantum error correction. It is therefore important to determine exactly what is needed for proof-of-principle experiments, which will be the first major step towards fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here we propose a surface code based experiment that is the smallest, both in terms of code size and circuit depth, that would allow errors to be detected and corrected for both the $X$ and $Z$ basis of a qubit. This requires $17$ physical qubits initially prepared in a product state, on which $16$ two-qubit entangling gates are applied before a final measurement of all qubits. A platform agnostic error model is applied to give some idea of the noise levels required for success. It is found that a true demonstration of quantum error correction will require fidelities for the preparation and measurement of qubits and the entangling gates to be above $99\%$.
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