多重凝聚态超导体中的Nambu-Goldstone-Leggett模
Nambu-Goldstone-Leggett modes in multi-condensate superconductors
摘要：
多能隙超导体表现出有趣的性质。在$N$带隙超导体中，我们一般具有$U(1)^N$相位不变性.这种多相不变性在超导体中部分或全部自发地被破坏。Nambu-Goldstone模和Higgs模都是重要的模，在多凝聚态超导体中将发挥重要作用。额外的相位不变性导致一个新的量子相位，与挫折约瑟夫森效应的帮助下，如时间反演对称性破缺，出现的无质量模式和分数量子化磁通涡旋。在磁场中，双组分超导体中存在半磁通涡旋的可能性。半量子磁通涡旋可以被解释为一个束缚态，两个半磁通涡旋形成一个由畴壁连接的束缚态。在超导体中，夸克和分数量子化通量涡旋之间有一个有趣的类比。
英文摘要：
Multi-gap superconductors exhibit interesting properties. In an $N$-gap superconductor, we have in general $U(1)^N$ phase invariance. This multiple-phase invariance is partially or totally spontaneously broken in a superconductor. The Nambu-Goldstone modes, as well as Higgs modes, are important and will play an important role in multi-condensate superconductors. The additional phase invariance leads to a new quantum phase, with help of frustrated Josephson effects, such as the time-reversal symmetry breaking, the emergence of massless modes and fractionally quantized-flux vortices. There is a possibility that half-flux vortices exist in two-component superconductors in a magnetic field. The half-quantum flux vortex can be interpreted as a monopole, and two half-flux vortices form a bound state connected by a domain wall. There is an interesting analogy between quarks and fractionally quantized-flux vortices in superconductors.
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