从多体波函数看伦敦矩、伦敦超势、Nambu-Goldstone模和Berry联系
London moment, London's superpotential, Nambu-Goldstone mode, and Berry connection from many-body wave functions
摘要：
虽然基于BCS理论的超导标准理论是成功的，但有几个实验结果表明有必要进行根本性的修正。其中之一是伦敦时刻的弥撒。实验表明伦敦矩的质量是自由电子质量，尽管BCS理论及其扩展预测它是有效质量。我们表明，如果我们在理论中引入伦敦超势，并将其确定为由多体波函数产生的Berry相，则这种差异就会消除。然后，由所施加的磁场产生的感应电流变为使用自由能计算的稳定电流，这与标准理论中假设的产生南武-戈德斯通模式的线性响应电流相反。在标准理论中，由于整体$U(1)$规范不变性的破坏而产生的Nambu-Goldstone模被Berry联系产生的集体模所取代。然后，自由电子质量出现在伦敦矩中。
英文摘要：
Although the standard theory of superconductivity based on the BCS theory is a successful one, there are several experimental results that indicate the necessity for fundamental revisions. One of them is the mass in the London moment. Experiments indicate the mass in the London moment is the free electron mass although the BCS theory and its extension predict it to be an effective mass. We show that this discrepancy is lifted if we install the London's superpotential in the theory, and identify it as the Berry phase arising from the many-body wave functions. Then, the induced current by the applied magnetic field becomes a stable current calculated using the free energy in contrast to the linear response current assumed in the standard theory which yields the Nambu-Goldstone mode. The Nambu-Goldstone mode arising from the breakdown of the global $U(1)$ gauge invariance in the standard theory is replaced by the collective mode arising from the Berry connection. Then, the free electron mass appears in the London moment.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
