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arXiv 1608.01983astro-ph.GA
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L1157-B1弓形减震器中的H2S

H2S in the L1157-B1 Bow shock

Jonathan Holdship, Serena Viti, Izaskun Jimenez-Serra, Bertrand Lefloch, Claudio Codella, Linda Podio, Milena Benedettini, Francesco Fontani, Rafael Bachiller, … 展开作者

Jonathan Holdship, Serena Viti, Izaskun Jimenez-Serra, Bertrand Lefloch, Claudio Codella, Linda Podio, Milena Benedettini, Francesco Fontani, Rafael Bachiller, Mario Tafalla, Cecilia Ceccarelli

摘要:

含硫分子在ISM的气相中具有高度反应性。然而,大部分硫被锁定在星际尘埃颗粒上的形式是未知的。利用年轻分子外流中的短时间尺度的冲击,人们可以追溯冰中硫的主要形式。本文利用Herschel-CHESS巡天和IRAM-30 m ASAI大型程序的数据,探测了L 1157-B1头激波中H $_2$ S及其同位素的六个跃迁。利用这些探测结果,通过旋转图计算了L1157-B1中H $_2$ S气体的性质,并探讨了硫在颗粒上的可能载体。的同位素检测允许的H $_2$ S氘化分数的第一次计算在流出的低质量原恒星。H $_2$ S在该区域的丰度分数为6.0 $\times$ 10 $^{-7}$,氘代分数为2 $\times$ 10 $^{-2}$。为了研究硫在颗粒上的形式,用四种不同的网络运行化学模型,每种网络具有不同的分支比,用于将含硫物质冻结成诸如OCS和H $_2$ S的分子。据发现,该模型最适合的数据时,至少有一半的每种含硫物质氢化时,冻结。因此,我们得出结论,L1157-B1中很大一部分硫可能被锁定在晶粒上的H $_2$ S中。

英文摘要:

Sulfur-bearing molecules are highly reactive in the gas phase of the ISM. However, the form in which most of the sulfur is locked onto interstellar dust grains is unknown. By taking advantage of the short time-scales of shocks in young molecular outflows, one could track back the main form of sulfur in the ices. In this paper, six transitions of H$_2$S and its isotopologues in the L1157-B1 bowshock have been detected using data from the Herschel-CHESS survey and the IRAM-30m ASAI large program. These detections are used to calculate the properties of H$_2$S gas in L1157-B1 through use of a rotation diagram and to explore the possible carriers of sulfur on the grains. The isotopologue detections allow the first calculation of the H$_2$S deuteration fraction in an outflow from a low mass protostar. The fractional abundance of H$_2$S in the region is found to be 6.0$\times$10$^{-7}$ and the deuteration fraction is 2$\times$10$^{-2}$. In order to investigate the form of sulfur on the grains, a chemical model is run with four different networks, each with different branching ratios for the freeze out of sulfur bearing species into molecules such as OCS and H$_2$S. It is found that the model best fits the data when at least half of each sulfur bearing species hydrogenates when freezing. We therefore conclude that a significant fraction of sulfur in L1157-B1 is likely to be locked in H$_2$S on the grains.

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