arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1608.01451physics.flu-dyn
收藏

主动横观各向同性介质中的粘性推进

Viscous propulsion in active transversely-isotropic media

Gemma Cupples, Rosemary J. Dyson, David J. Smith

摘要:

泰勒游泳片是微尺度推进和泵送的经典模型。许多生物流体和物质是纤维状的,在它们的微观结构中具有优选的方向;例如宫颈粘液由产生定向纤维网络的聚合物分子形成。此外,伸长的运动细胞的悬浮液产生一种形式的活性定向物质。要了解这些影响如何修改粘性推进,我们扩展泰勒的经典模型的小振幅零雷诺数推进的“游泳片”通过横向各向同性流体模型的埃里克森,这是线性的应变率,并具有一个杰出的方向。游泳的能量成本显着改变所有的流变参数和初始纤维角。在被动横向各向同性流体中的推进产生增强的平均工作速率,独立于初始纤维取向,与能量成本对由纤维引起的粘度的拉伸和剪切增强的近似线性依赖。在这种情况下,平均游泳速度与牛顿情况相同。埃里克森的模型中的恒定项的应力,这可以被确定为纤维张力或可选地表征一个活跃的流体的应力波的效果,也被认为是。这种应力引入了角度依赖性,并显着改变流线和流场;与游泳方向对齐的纤维增加了片材的能量需求。恒定的纤维应力可能会导致平均游动速度的逆转和负的平均工作速率,如果相对于其他流变参数足够大的话。

英文摘要:

Taylor's swimming sheet is a classical model of microscale propulsion and pumping. Many biological fluids and substances are fibrous, having a preferred direction in their microstructure; for example cervical mucus is formed of polymer molecules which create an oriented fibrous network. Moreover, suspensions of elongated motile cells produce a form of active oriented matter. To understand how these effects modify viscous propulsion, we extend Taylor's classical model of small-amplitude zero-Reynolds-number propulsion of a 'swimming sheet' via the transversely-isotropic fluid model of Ericksen, which is linear in strain rate and possesses a distinguished direction. The energetic costs of swimming are significantly altered by all rheological parameters and the initial fibre angle. Propulsion in a passive transversely-isotropic fluid produces an enhanced mean rate of working, independent of the initial fibre orientation, with an approximately linear dependence of energetic cost on the extensional and shear enhancements to the viscosity caused by fibres. In this regime the mean swimming velocity is unchanged from the Newtonian case. The effect of the constant term in Ericksen's model for the stress, which can be identified as a fibre tension or alternatively a stresslet characterising an active fluid, is also considered. This stress introduces an angular dependence and dramatically changes the streamlines and flow field; fibres aligned with the swimming direction increase the energetic demands of the sheet. The constant fibre stress may result in a reversal of the mean swimming velocity and a negative mean rate of working if sufficiently large relative to the other rheological parameters.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑