宇宙射线中的核活性粒子和μ子引起的反应在岩石中产生$^3$ He：地质和岩石学意义
Production of $^3$He in Rocks by Reactions Induced by Particles of the Nuclear-Active and Muon Components of Cosmic Rays: Geological and Petrological Implications
摘要：
本文介绍了在宇宙射线粒子作用下岩石中产生$^3$ He核素的数据。分析了中子和质子引起的中子反应、高能μ子引起的中子反应和负μ子俘获反应中地下核素的来源。利用GEANT 4模拟工具包对生成$^3$ He和$^3$ H的反应截面进行了数值模拟计算。在地面的$^3$ He核素的生产率进行评估的平均水平的太阳活动在高地磁纬度和海平面。证明了宇宙线质子引起的电离反应在近地表地层中产生的$^3$ He约占宇宙成因$^3$ He总产生率的10%。在10-50 m.w.e.的深度，$^3$ He的积累主要由宇宙射线μ子引起的反应贡献。本文提供的数据使计算岩石中$^3$ He的积累率成为可能，这取决于深度，这对于评估地球表面岩浆或变质杂岩的暴露时间（$^3$ He定年）是必要的。
英文摘要：
The paper presents data on the production of the $^3$He nuclide in rocks under the effect of cosmic-ray particles. The origin of the nuclide in the ground in neutron- and proton-induced spallation reactions, reactions induced by high-energy muons, and negative muon capture reactions is analyzed. The cross sections of reactions producing $^3$He and $^3$H are calculated by means of numerical simulations with the GEANT4 simulation toolkit. The production rate of the $^3$He nuclide in the ground is evaluated for the average level of solar activity at high geomagnetic latitudes and at sea level. It is proved that the production of $^3$He in near-surface ground layers by spallation reactions induced by cosmic-ray protons may be approximately 10% of the total production rate of cosmogenic $^3$He. At depths of 10-50 m.w.e., the accumulation of $^3$He is significantly contributed by reactions induced by cosmic-ray muons. Data presented in the paper make it possible to calculate the accumulation rate of $^3$He in a rock depending on depth that is necessary for the evaluation of the exposure time of the magmatic or metamorphic complex on the Earth's surface ($^3$He dating).
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