${^{12}{\rm C}}$中Hoyle态的类呼吸激发态
Breathing-like excited state of the Hoyle state in ${^{12}{\rm C}}$
摘要：
用全微观3 $α$团簇模型证实了在${^{12}{\rm C}}$中10 MeV激发能附近存在$0_3^+$和$0_4^+$态.首先，采用半径约束法叠加优化的2 $α$ + $α$ THSR（Tohsaki-Horiuchi-Schuck-Röpke）波函数，进行GCM（发电机坐标法）计算。所得到的Hoyle态以上的两个$0^+$激发态与最近实验观察到的态一致。其次，用与基态和Hoyle态正交的2 $α$ + $α$ THSR单波函数进行了变分计算，也支持了由GCM计算得到的$0_3^+$态的存在性。通过研究所得到的$0_3^+$态的2 $α$ - $α$约化宽度振幅、2 $α$关联函数以及该态与Hoyle态之间的大的相干矩阵元，对所得到的$0_3^+$态进行了分析，表明该$0_3^+$态是Hoyle态的类呼吸激发态. $0_3^+$态的这一特征与$0_4^+$态非常不同，后者似乎具有三臂3 $α$结构。
英文摘要：
The existence of the $0_3^+$ and $0_4^+$ states around 10 MeV excitation energy in ${^{12}{\rm C}}$ is confirmed by a fully microscopic 3$α$ cluster model. Firstly, a GCM (generator coordinate method) calculation is performed by superposing optimized 2$α$+$α$ THSR (Tohsaki-Horiuchi-Schuck-Röpke) wave functions with the radius-constraint method. The obtained two excited $0^+$ states above the Hoyle state are consistent with the recently observed states by experiment. Secondly, a variational calculation using the single 2$α$+$α$ THSR wave function orthogonalized to the ground and Hoyle states is made and it also supports the existence of the $0_3^+$ state obtained by the GCM calculation. The analysis of the obtained $0_3^+$ state is made by studying its 2$α$-$α$ reduced width amplitude, its 2$α$ correlation function, and the large monopole matrix element between this state and the Hoyle state, which shows that this $0_3^+$ state is a breathing-like excited state of the Hoyle state. This character of the $0_3^+$ state is very different from the $0_4^+$ state which seems to have a bent-arm 3$α$ structure.
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