投票转移系统的数学评价
A mathematical evaluation of vote transfer systems
摘要：
本文在匈牙利现行选举规则的基础上，构建了一个选票转移系统的一般模型。它结合了单议席选区和名单授权，并对选区中的“浪费”选票提出了三种可能的补偿规则：无补偿（直接投票转移，DVT），对失去政党候选人的选票的补偿（积极投票转移，PVT）和对赢得选区所不必要的所有选票的补偿（消极投票转移，NVT）。该模型研究的情况下，双方。当多数党的选票数在每个选区均匀分布时，DVT的结果是最大的预期席位份额，然而，PVT，特别是NVT的应用增加了赢得选举的概率。选票转移公式和名单授权数量之间的权衡表明，如果多数党关注这两个变量，它应该使用一个适当校准的NVT系统。
英文摘要：
The paper builds a general model of vote transfer systems on the basis of the current Hungarian electoral rules. It combines single-seat districts and list mandates with three possible compensation rule for 'wasted' votes in constituencies: no compensation (direct vote transfer, DVT), compensation for votes cast for losing party candidates (positive vote transfer, PVT) and compensation for all votes that are not necessary to win the district (negative vote transfer, NVT). The model is studied in the case of two parties. When the number of votes for the majority party follows a uniform distribution in each district, DVT results in the greatest expected seat share, however, application of PVT, and, especially, NVT increases the probability of winning the election. The trade-off between vote transfer formulas and the number of list mandates reveals that the majority party should use an appropriately calibrated NVT system if it focuses on these two variables.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
