We consider the question of efficient estimation in the tails of Gaussian copulas. Our special focus is estimating expectations over multi-dimensional constrained sets that have a small implied measure under the Gaussian copula. We propose three estimators, all of which rely on a simple idea: identify certain \emph{dominating} point(s) of the feasible set, and appropriately shift and scale an exponential distribution for subsequent use within an importance sampling measure. As we show, the efficiency of such estimators depends crucially on the local structure of the feasible set around the dominating points. The first of our proposed estimators $\estOpt$ is the "full-information" estimator that actively exploits such local structure to achieve bounded relative error in Gaussian settings. The second and third estimators $\estExp$, $\estLap$ are "partial-information" estimators, for use when complete information about the constraint set is not available, they do not exhibit bounded relative error but are shown to achieve polynomial efficiency. We provide sharp asymptotics for all three estimators. For the NORTA setting where no ready information about the dominating points or the feasible set structure is assumed, we construct a multinomial mixture of the partial-information estimator $\estLap$ resulting in a fourth estimator $\estNt$ with polynomial efficiency, and implementable through the ecoNORTA algorithm. Numerical results on various example problems are remarkable, and consistent with theory.
Penalized EM algorithm and copula skeptic graphical models for inferring networks for mixed variables
本文研究了高斯copula图模型中稀疏精度矩阵的估计方法,对连续变量、二元变量、计数变量和离散序变量的网络进行重构。我们提出两种方法:$\ell_1$用Monte Carlo期望最大化算法(copula EM glasso)惩罚扩展秩似然,用copula Gaussian图模型的成对copula估计惩罚copula怀疑。所提出的方法有助于推断网络所产生的非正态和混合变量。我们通过对乳腺癌基因组和临床数据以及玉米遗传学数据的模拟研究和分析来证明我们的方法的性能。
Athens University of Economics and Business(雅典经济与商业大学);The Alan Turing Institute(艾伦·图灵研究所);École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay(巴黎-萨克雷高等师范学校);CNRS(法国国家科学研究中心);Université Paris-Saclay(巴黎-萨克雷大学)
Quantum Implementation of Risk Analysis-relevant Copulas
现代定量风险管理依赖于尾部相关性的充分建模和风险度量的可能准确量化,如风险价值(VaR),在高置信水平(如1/100甚至1/2000)下。量子计算使得这样的量化比蒙特卡罗方法更有效;参见(Woerner和Egger,2018),以及更广泛的视角(Orús等人,2018年)。风险分析工具箱的一个重要元素是copula,参见(Jouanin et al.,2004年,在金融领域。然而,据作者所知,到目前为止,还没有量子计算实现以显式形式从风险建模相关的copula中进行采样。我们在这里的重点是实现简单而强大的copula模型,能够令人满意地捕捉建模的风险因素的联合尾部行为。本文讨论了几个简单的copula族,包括在(Milek,2014)中提出的多元B11(MB 11)copula族。我们将证明,这个copula家族适合于风险聚集,因为它特别能够再现尾部依赖结构;参见(Embrechts et al.,2016)的相关基准以及关于最终可行的二元尾部依赖结构的必要和充分条件。事实证明,这样的离散copula可以使用量子计算中存在的简单构造来表示:二进制分数扩展格式,共单调/独立随机变量,受控门和凸组合,因此适合于量子计算机实现。本文介绍了量子实现电路背后的设计,数值和符号模拟结果,以及在IBM量子计算机上的实验验证。本文还提出了一种通用的方法,量子实现任何离散copula。