自然分配和社会分配的分类第2部分：解释
A classification of the natural and social distributions Part 2: the explanations
摘要：
在我们对社会和自然分布的调查的第二部分中，我们研究了一些模型，这些模型旨在解释自然和社会分布的统计规律。有各种各样的模型，在大多数情况下，他们寻找幂律，至少在尾部，尽管有几个真实的分布不是由幂律描述的。在幂律模型中，我们讨论了a）两个基本模型及其变体：随机乘法模型和偏好连接模型; b）基于玻色爱因斯坦统计的模型; c）地理，经济和临界模型。我们还提出了一些模型，这并不打算解释幂律，其中对数正态分布，指数和拉伸指数分布。这项调查的有趣发现是，很少有模型给出完全分布的幂律，其中，齐普夫指数1是罕见的。
英文摘要：
In this second part of our survey on the social and natural distributions, we investigate some models, which intend to explain the statistical regularity of the natural and social distributions. There is a large variety of models and in their majority, they look for a power law, at least in the tail, although there are several real distributions which are not described by a power law. Among the power law models, we discuss a) the two basic models and their variants: the random multiplicative model and the preferential attachment model; b) models based on the BoseEinstein statistics; c) geographical, economical, and criticality models. We present also some models, which do not intend to explain a power law, and among them lognormal-like distributions, exponential and stretched exponential distributions. The interesting findings of this survey are that there are few models giving a power law for the complete distribution and that among them, the Zipf exponent 1 is rare.
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