雨滴撞击沙地时的陨石坑形成
Crater formation during raindrop impact on sand
摘要：
雨滴撞击颗粒床后，雨滴和目标都会变形，形成一个弹坑。在最初的，短暂的，达到最大弹坑深度的阶段之后，弹坑向外扩大，直到达到最终的稳定形状。通过改变撞击速度的下降和床的堆积密度，我们发现，雪崩的颗粒是重要的，在第二阶段，因此，影响最终的火山口形状。在以前的论文中，我们介绍了一个估计的冲击能量单独进入砂变形，在这里，我们表明，瞬态和最终的火山口直径崩溃与此数量的各种包装密度。然而，瞬态火山口的纵横比改变的包装分数的变化。
英文摘要：
After a raindrop impacts on a granular bed, a crater is formed as both drop and target deform. After an initial, transient, phase in which the maximum crater depth is reached, the crater broadens outwards until a final steady shape is attained. By varying the impact velocity of the drop and the packing density of the bed, we find that avalanches of grains are important in the second phase and hence, affect the final crater shape. In a previous paper, we introduced an estimate of the impact energy going solely into sand deformation and here we show that both the transient and final crater diameter collapse with this quantity for various packing densities. The aspect ratio of the transient crater is however altered by changes in the packing fraction.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
