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arXiv 1606.01645cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.supr-con
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非平衡马约拉纳涨落

Nonequilibrium Majorana fluctuations

Sergey Smirnov

摘要:

随机事件或波动的非平衡物理学是给定系统的独特指纹。在这里,我们表明,在非相互作用系统,其动力学驱动的马约拉纳状态,有效电荷$e^*$,表征电流波动,是分数。这与具有平凡电荷$e^*=e$的非相互作用狄拉克系统形成对比。恰恰相反,在马约拉纳状态,我们预测两个不同的分数有效电荷在低和高能量,$e^*_l=e/2$和$e^*_h=3e/2$,可在低和高偏置电压,分别。我们发现,虽然低能量的有效电荷$e^*_l$是敏感的热波动的电流,高能量的有效电荷$e^*_h$是强大的热噪声。因此,马约拉纳费米子的一个独特的波动特征被编码在电流噪声的高电压尾部中,即使在高温下,在强非平衡系统的实验中也很容易获得。

英文摘要:

Nonequilibrium physics of random events, or fluctuations, is a unique fingerprint of a given system. Here we demonstrate that in noninteracting systems, whose dynamics is driven by Majorana states, the effective charge $e^*$, characterizing the electric current fluctuations, is fractional. This is in contrast to noninteracting Dirac systems with the trivial electronic charge, $e^*=e$. Quite the opposite, in the Majorana state we predict two different fractional effective charges at low and high energies, $e^*_l=e/2$ and $e^*_h=3e/2$, accessible at low and high bias voltages, respectively. We show that while the low energy effective charge $e^*_l$ is sensitive to thermal fluctuations of the current, the high energy effective charge $e^*_h$ is robust against thermal noise. A unique fluctuation signature of Majorana fermions is, therefore, encoded in the high voltage tails of the electric current noise easily accessible in experiments on strongly nonequilibrium systems even at high temperatures.

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