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arXiv 1605.06002quant-phcond-mat.stat-mech
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基态斯莱特行列式对多维的自然推广

Natural generalization of the ground-state Slater determinant to more than one dimension

D. K. Sunko

摘要:

解决的基本问题,如何在$N$相同的费米子的希尔伯特空间的空间维度$d$编码。出现了有限个$N!^{d-1}$的多体波函数,称为形状,它不能由一维的平凡组合扩展产生。给出了一个通用算法,列出他们所有的标准斯莱特行列式。相反,可以从一维情况中诱导出的激发被玻色化为一个可区分的玻色子系统,称为欧拉玻色子,就像电磁场被量子化为可通过波数区分的光子一样。它们的波函数是用初等对称函数显式给出的,反映了费米子符号问题在一维中是平凡的这一事实。这些形状就像欧拉玻色子的真空。它们是基态的单斯莱特行列式形式到多维的自然推广。根据代数不变量理论,这些形状是反对称不变量,它们将$N$-费米子Hilbert空间直接生成为对称多项式环上的分次代数。对于全同玻色子,类似的结果也成立。

英文摘要:

The basic question is addressed, how the space dimension $d$ is encoded in the Hilbert space of $N$ identical fermions. There appears a finite number $N!^{d-1}$ of many-body wave functions, called shapes, which cannot be generated by trivial combinatorial extension of the one-dimensional ones. A general algorithm is given to list them all in terms of standard Slater determinants. Conversely, excitations which can be induced from the one-dimensional case are bosonised into a system of distinguishable bosons, called Euler bosons, much like the electromagnetic field is quantized in terms of photons distinguishable by their wave numbers. Their wave functions are given explicitly in terms of elementary symmetric functions, reflecting the fact that the fermion sign problem is trivial in one dimension. The shapes act as vacua for the Euler bosons. They are the natural generalization of the single-Slater-determinant form for the ground state to more than one dimension. In terms of algebraic invariant theory, the shapes are antisymmetric invariants which finitely generate the $N$-fermion Hilbert space as a graded algebra over the ring of symmetric polynomials. Analogous results hold for identical bosons.

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