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arXiv 1605.04470physics.soc-phcs.SI
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知觉和社会规范中的友谊悖论与系统性偏差

The Friendship Paradox and Systematic Biases in Perceptions and Social Norms

Matthew O. Jackson

摘要:

“友谊悖论”(Feld 1991)指的是这样一个事实,即平均而言,人们的朋友比他们的朋友要少。我表明,这种对最受欢迎的人的过度抽样放大了涉及互补性的行为。拥有更多朋友的人会体验到更大的互动效果,因此会更多地参与受社会影响的活动。考虑到友谊悖论,人们在对朋友进行抽样调查时,会比总体人群中的参与度更高。考虑到互补性,这反过来又扩大了平均参与度。此外,从一种行为中获得最大先天利益的人也往往是那些选择互动最多的人,从而导致进一步的反馈和放大。这些结果与研究发现人们一贯高估酒精,香烟和药物的同龄人消费相一致;并且可以帮助解释青少年滥用药物和酗酒以及其他行为的问题。我还讨论了这些结果如何变化的情况下,战略替代品,个人高估搭便车的同行。

英文摘要:

The "friendship paradox" (Feld1991) refers to the fact that, on average, people have strictly fewer friends than their friends have. I show that this over-sampling of the most popular people amplifies behaviors that involve complementarities. People with more friends experience greater interactive effects and hence engage more in socially influenced activities. Given the friendship paradox, people then perceive more engagement when sampling their friends than exists in the overall population. Given the complementarities, this feeds back to amplify average engagement. In addition, people with the greatest innate benefits from a behavior also tend to be the ones who choose to interact the most, leading to further feedback and amplification. These results are consistent with studies finding that people consistently overestimate peer consumption of alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs; and, can help explain problems with adolescent abuse of drugs and binge-drinking, as well as other behaviors. I also discuss how these results change in cases of strategic substitutes, where individuals overestimate free-riding by peers.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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