The rare kaon decays $K\toπν\barν$ are strongly suppressed in the standard model and widely regarded as processes in which new phenomena, not predicted by the standard model, may be observed. Recognizing such new phenomena requires precise standard model prediction for the braching ratio of $K\toπν\barν$ with controlled uncertainty for both short-distance and long-distance contributions. In this work we demonstrate the feasibility of lattice QCD calculation of the long-distance contribution to rare kaon decays with the emphasis on $K^+\toπ^+ν\barν$. Our methodology covers the calculation of both $W$-$W$ and $Z$-exchange diagrams. We discuss the estimation of the power-law, finite-volume corrections and two methods to consistently combine the long distance contribution determined by the lattice methods outlined here with the short distance parts that can be reliably determined using perturbation theory. It is a subsequent work of our first methodology paper on $K\toπ\ell^+\ell^-$, where the focus was made on the $γ$-exchange diagrams.
我们证明了用格点量子色动力学可以计算长距离对稀有衰变K-> pi nu-bar和K-> pi l + l-的贡献.所提出的方法需要建立良好的方法,成功地应用于电磁和半轻子形状因子的计算。与弱四费米子算子的使用有关的额外幂次发散,可以只用晶格作用的对称性来消除,而不需要模糊性或复杂的非微扰减法。我们证明,这是真实的,即使当一个明确的手征对称性破缺的晶格作用。我们的研究开启了减少这些衰变的理论预测中目前的不确定性的可能性。
Rare kaon decays $K^- \to \ell^- \barν_\ell \ell'^{+} \ell'^{-}$: Standard Model predictions from lattice QCD
Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre(罗马第三大学数学与物理系);INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre(意大利国家核物理研究所罗马三分部);Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”(罗马托维加塔大学物理系及意大利国家核物理研究所);Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma Tre(意大利国家核物理研究所罗马三分部);Physics Department and INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza(罗马第一大学物理系及意大利国家核物理研究所罗马分部);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton(南安普顿大学物理与天文学系)
K介子物理学提供了一个独特的机会,以确定新的味道和CP违反相互作用超出了标准模型(SM)。在SM中,暗示的CKM矩阵和GIM机制的层次结构,味道改变中性电流过程中的K介子部门最强烈的抑制,而抑制是有效得多的B介子系统。因此,它们的理论上的清洁使得罕见的K衰变,特别是K -> pi nu anti-nu系统,非常适合寻找它们微小的SM值的偏差。尽管在B介子衰变中直接搜索实验和间接搜索实验对新物理的限制越来越严格,但K^+ -> pi^+ nu anti-nu和K_L -> pi^0 nu anti-nu的大幅度增强仍然是可能的,甚至在多TeV的新物理尺度下也可以观察到偏离SM的情况。此外,带电和中性K -> pi nu anti-nu模式之间的相关性提供了对K^0 - anti-K^0混合中新物理算符结构及其与罕见K衰变相互作用的洞察。在K_L -> pi^0 l^+ l^-系统中也存在有用的模型判别关联。最后,K -> l nu衰变为轻子普适性提供了一个干净的测试,并对新物理学提出了限制,这些新物理学与从寻找带电轻子味违反衰变中获得的物理学是互补的。