For a tuple $A=(A_1,\ A_2,\ ...,\ A_n)$ of elements in a unital Banach algebra ${\mathcal B}$, its {\em projective joint spectrum} $P(A)$ is the collection of $z\in {\mathbb C}^n$ such that the multiparameter pencil $A(z)=z_1A_1+z_2A_2+\cdots +z_nA_n$ is not invertible. If ${\mathcal B}$ is the group $C^*$-algebra for a discrete group $G$ generated by $A_1,\ A_2,\ ...,\ A_n$ with respect to a representation $ρ$, then $P(A)$ is an invariant of (weak) equivalence for $ρ$. This paper computes the joint spectrum of $(1,\ a,\ t)$ for the infinite dihedral group $D_{\infty}=<a,\ t\ |\ a^2=t^2=1>$ with respect to the left regular representation $λ_D$, and gives an in-depth analysis on its properties. A formula for the Fuglede-Kadison determinant of the pencil $R(z)=1+z_1a+z_2t$ is obtained, and it is used to compute the first singular homology group of the joint resolvent set $P^c(R)$. The joint spectrum gives new insight into some earlier studies on groups of intermediate growth, through which the corresponding joint spectrum of $(1,\ a,\ t)$ with respect to the Koopman representation $ρ$ (constructed through a self-similar action of $D_{\infty}$ on a binary tree) can be computed. It turns out that the joint spectra with respect to the two representations coincide. Interestingly, this fact leads to a self-similar realization of the group $C^*$-algebra $C^*(D_{\infty})$. This self-similarity of $C^*(D_{\infty})$ is manifested by some dynamical properties of the joint spectrum.
On arc-transitive inner-automorphic Cayley graphs on dihedral groups
School of Mathematical Sciences, Laboratory of Mathematics and Complex Systems, MOE Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学数学科学学院、数学与复杂系统教育部重点实验室）；Center for Combinatorics, LPMC Nankai University（南开大学组合数学中心、低维空间拓扑及其应用教育部重点实验室）
Combinatorial transfer: a new method for constructing infinite families of nonabelian difference sets, partial difference sets, and relative difference sets
