Kiyoharu Kawana
The classical conformality is one of the possible candidates for explaining the gauge hierarchy of the Standard Model. We show that it is naturally obtained from the Coleman's theory on baby universe.
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Four-dimensional gauge theories with matter can have regions in parameter space, often dubbed conformal windows, where they flow in the infrared to non-trivial conformal field theories. It has been conjectured that conformality can be lost because of merging of two nearby fixed points that move into the complex plane, and that a walking dynamics governed by scaling dimensions of operators defined at such complex fixed points can occur. We find controlled, parametrically weakly coupled, and ultraviolet-complete 4D gauge theories that explicitly realize this scenario. We show how the walking dyn…
Multi-critical point principle (MPP) is one of the interesting theoretical possibilities that can explain the fine-tuning problems of the Universe. It simply claims that "the coupling constants of a theory are tuned to one of the multi-critical points, where some of the extrema of the effective potential are degenerate." One of the simplest examples is the vanishing of the second derivative of the effective potential around a minimum. This corresponds to the so-called classical conformality, because it implies that the renormalized mass $m^2$ vanishes. More generally, the form of the effective…
In this paper, we derive the standard model with classical conformal invariance from the Yang--Mills--Higgs model in noncommutative geometry (NCG). In the ordinary context of the NCG, the {\it distance matrix} $M_{nm}$ which corresponds to the vacuum expectation value of Higgs fields is taken to be finite. However, since $M_{nm}$ is arbitrary in this formulation, we can take all $M_{nm}$ to be zero. In the original composite scheme, the Higgs field itself vanishes with the condition $M_{nm} = 0$. Then, we adopt the elemental scheme, in which the gauge and the Higgs bosons are regarded as eleme…
Conformality or confinement: (IR)relevance of topological excitations
本文研究了费米子在任意手征或类矢量表示下的非超对称杨-米尔斯理论的保形性到禁闭跃迁的问题。我们用规范涨落的质量间隙的存在与否作为红外行为的标识符。目前的理解不允许在R*4上计算规范涨落的质量间隙。然而，最近的进展允许它的非微扰计算R* 3 × S *1通过使用扭曲的配分函数或变形理论，对于一系列的S*1大小取决于理论。对于少量的费米子，Nf，我们表明，质量间隙随着半径的增加，由于非稀释的单极子和双子，拓扑激发相关的限制在R*3xS*1。对于足够大的Nf，我们表明，质量间隙随半径的增加而减小。在一类理论中，我们声称解压缩极限可以在半经典技术的有效区域内取，给出了在任何大小S*1下半经典可解的杨-米尔斯理论的第一个例子。对于一般的非超对称类矢量或手征理论，我们推测R*3xS*1上的质量间隙的行为变化作为半径的函数发生在共形窗口的下边界附近，并给出其值的非微扰估计。对于矢量理论，我们比较我们的估计与现有的晶格结果，截断的Schwinger-Dyson方程，NSVZ β函数启发的估计，和自由度计数标准的共形窗口。对于多代手征规范理论，据我们所知，我们的共形窗口的估计是唯一已知的。
Classically Scale-invariant B-L Model and Dilaton Gravity
我们考虑了玻色子引力与经典标度不变的B-L扩展标准模型的耦合。B-L扩展标准模型是最近提出的一个唯象可行的模型，它实现了电弱对称性破缺的Coleman-Weinberg机制。本文的模型表明，在不求助于Coleman-Weinberg机制的情况下，B-L规范对称性在树水平上标度不变性的自发对称性破缺过程中被破缺，结果B-L规范场通过Higgs机制变成有质量的.由于在我们的模型中，量纲参数仅为普朗克质量，因此如果希望实现TeV尺度下B-L对称性的破缺，就必须选择非常小的耦合常数。
Leptogenesis and Neutrino Oscillations in the Classically Conformal Standard Model with the Higgs Portal
标准模型中加入了希格斯门相互作用，没有明确的质量项，这是一个经典的标度不变理论。在这种情况下，电弱对称性破缺的尺度可以通过在一个隐藏扇区中运行的科尔曼-温伯格机制辐射诱导，然后通过希格斯门传递到标准模型。与我们经典的标度不变有效理论的UV截止值相比，希格斯粒子的vev和质量的生成值很小，这一机制自然可以解释。我们展示了这些经典共形模型如何产生宇宙的重子不对称性，而不需要手工引入质量标度或对其进行共振微调。我们考虑的极小模型是耦合到在$U(1)_{B-L}$规范群下带电的Coleman-Weinberg标量场的标准模型。异常消除需要自动包含三代右手中微子。它们的GeV尺度的Majorana质量是由Coleman-Weinberg场诱导的，并通过标准的跷跷板机制导致活性中微子质量的产生。轻子生成是通过右手无菌中微子的味振荡发生的，并通过电弱球重子转换为重子不对称性。
Revisiting Vacuum decay in Field Theory
本文重新审视量子场论中 Coleman 的隧穿公式，通过推广 WKB 方法避免负特征值和凸性问题，发现前因子差异，并讨论波包表述及半经典隧穿计算在标准模型真空衰变中的应用合理性。
Classically Conformal B-L extended Standard Model
在经典共形理论的假设下，我们研究了最小B-L扩展标准模型，它自然地提供了解释微小中微子质量的跷跷板机制。在这个装置中，辐射规范对称性破缺是以一种非常简单的方式成功实现的：B-L规范对称性是通过Coleman-Weinberg势中量子修正引起的共形反常而破缺的。伴随着这种B-L对称破缺，希格斯质量参数被动态地产生，由此触发了电弱对称破缺。我们发现，一个广泛的参数空间可以满足理论和实验的要求。
Classical scale-invariance, the electroweak scale and vector dark matter
我们考虑一个经典标度不变的标准模型的扩展，其中一个黑暗的，非阿贝尔规范对称性自发破缺通过科尔曼-温伯格机制。希格斯门之间的黑暗和标准模型部门的耦合提供了一个起源的希格斯质量平方参数，因此，电弱标度。我们发现，模型参数的选择存在的暗规范多重态是可行的暗物质。
Gauged Q-balls in flat potentials
本文研究在平坦势中带电Q球的性质，发现其与Coleman Q球有相似之处，并提供解析近似和数值解对比。
In this work we study a classically scale-invariant extension of the Standard Model in which the dark matter and electroweak scales are generated through the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism. The extra $SU(3)_X$ gauge factor gets completely broken by the vacuum expectation values of two scalar triplets. Out of the eight resulting massive vector bosons the three lightest are stable due to an intrinsic $Z_2\times Z_2'$ discrete symmetry and can constitute dark matter candidates. We analyze the phenomenological viability of the predicted multi-Higgs sector imposing theoretical and experimental constrai…
We consider the minimal U(1)$^\prime$ extension of the Standard Model (SM) with conformal invariance at the classical level, where in addition to the SM particle contents, three generations of right-handed neutrinos and a U(1)$^\prime$ Higgs field are introduced. In the presence of the three right-handed neutrinos, which are responsible for the seesaw mechanism, this model is free from all the gauge and gravitational anomalies. The U(1)$^\prime$ gauge symmetry is radiatively broken via the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism, by which the U(1)$^\prime$ gauge boson ($Z^\prime$ boson) mass as well as the…
We consider the dark matter (DM) scenario in the context of the classically conformal U(1)' extended standard model (SM), with three right-handed neutrinos (RHNs) and the U(1)' Higgs field. The model is free from all the U(1)' gauge and gravitational anomalies in the presence of the three RHNs. We introduce a $Z_2$-parity in the model, under which an odd-parity is assigned to one RHN, while all the other particles is assigned to be $Z_2$-even, and hence the $Z_2$-odd RHN serves as a DM candidate. In this model, the U(1)' gauge symmetry is radiatively broken through the Coleman-Weinberg mechani…
We propose quartic inflation with non-minimal gravitational coupling in the context of the classically conformal U(1)_X extension of the SM. In this model, the U(1)_X gauge symmetry is radiatively broken through the Coleman-Weinberg (CW) mechanism, by which the U(1)_X gauge boson (Z' boson) and the right-handed neutrinos (RHNs) acquire their masses. We consider their masses in the range of O(10 GeV)-O(10 TeV), which are accessible to high energy collider experiments. The radiative U(1)_X gauge symmetry breaking also generates a negative mass squared for the SM Higgs doublet, and the electrowea…
We study the cosmological history of the classical conformal $B-L$ gauge extension of the standard model, in which the physical scales are generated via the Coleman-Weinberg-type symmetry breaking. Especially, we consider the thermal phase transition of the U$(1)_{B-L}$ symmetry in the early universe and resulting gravitational-wave production. Due to the classical conformal invariance, the phase transition tends to be a first-order one with ultra-supercooling, which enhances the strength of the produced gravitational waves. We show that, requiring (1) U$(1)_{B-L}$ is broken after the reheatin…
If cosmological inflation is due to a slowly rolling single inflation field taking trans-Planckian values as suggested by the BICEP2 measurement of primordial tensor modes in CMB, embedding inflation into the Standard Model challenges standard paradigm of effective field theories. Together with an apparent absence of Planck scale contributions to the Higgs mass and to the cosmological constant, BICEP2 provides further experimental evidence for the absence of large $M_{\rm P}$ induced operators. We show that classical scale invariance, the paradigm that all fundamental scales in Nature are indu…
We consider a classically scale invariant version of the Standard Model, extended by an extra dark $SU(2)_X$ gauge group. Apart from the dark gauge bosons and a dark scalar doublet which is coupled to the Standard Model Higgs through a portal coupling, we incorporate right-handed neutrinos and an additional real singlet scalar field. After symmetry breaking à la Coleman-Weinberg, we examine the multi-Higgs sector and impose theoretical and experimental constraints. In addition, by computing the dark matter relic abundance and the spin-independent scattering cross section off a nucleon we deter…
We provide a simple computation in order to estimate the probability of a given hierarchy between two scales. In particular, we work in a model provided with a gauge symmetry, with two scalar doublets. We start from a scale-invariant classical Lagrangian, but by taking into account the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism, we obtain masses for the gauge bosons and the scalars. This approach typically provides a light (L) and a heavy (H) sector related to the two different vacuum expectation values of the two scalars. We compute the size of the hyper-volume of the parameter space of the model associated …
We consider the minimal U(1)$_{B-L}$ extension of the Standard Model (SM) with the classically conformal invariance, where an anomaly free U(1)$_{B-L}$ gauge symmetry is introduced along with three generations of right-handed neutrinos and a U(1)$_{B-L}$ Higgs field. Because of the classically conformal symmetry, all dimensional parameters are forbidden. The $B-L$ gauge symmetry is radiatively broken through the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism, generating the mass for the $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge boson ($Z^\prime$ boson) and the right-handed neutrinos. Through a small negative coupling between the SM Hig…
We consider the minimal U(1)' extension of the standard model (SM) with the classically conformal invariance, where an anomaly-free U(1)' gauge symmetry is introduced along with three generations of right-handed neutrinos and a U(1)' Higgs field. Since the classically conformal symmetry forbids all dimensional parameters in the model, the U(1)' gauge symmetry is broken by the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism, generating the mass terms of the U(1)' gauge boson ($Z$' boson) and the right-handed neutrinos. Through a mixing quartic coupling between the U(1)' Higgs field and the SM Higgs doublet field, t…
We study an extension of the Standard Model featuring a hidden sector that consists of a new scalar charged under a new SU$(N)_D$ gauge group, singlet under all Standard Model gauge interactions, and coupled with the Standard Model only via a Higgs portal. We assume that the theory is classically conformal, with electroweak symmetry breaking dynamically induced via the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism operating in the hidden sector. Due to the symmetry breaking pattern, the SU$(N)_D$ gauge group is completely Higgsed and the resulting massive vectors of the hidden sector constitute a stable dark mat…
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