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arXiv 1604.04785astro-ph.GA
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M81中球状星团中中等质量黑洞的超大阵列搜索

A Very Large Array Search for Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Globular Clusters in M81

J. M. Wrobel, J. C. A. Miller-Jones, M. J. Middleton

摘要:

Nantais等人使用哈勃太空望远镜定位了M81中可能的球状星团(GC),M81是一个距离为3.63 Mpc的螺旋星系。理论预测GC可以容纳质量为M_BH \sim 100 - 100,000 M_sun的中等质量黑洞(IMBH)。在GC中发现IMBH可以验证早期宇宙中种子BH的形成通道,支持空间任务的引力波预测,并测试恒星系统与它们所在的中央BH之间的比例关系。我们使用了NRAO Karl G。Jansky甚大阵列(VLA)从M81镶嵌图中的206个可能的GC中搜索IMBH吸积的辐射特征。观测波长为5.5厘米,空间分辨率为1.5角秒(26.4秒差距)。没有一个单独的GC被探测到,也没有206个GC和49个恒星质量M_star \gtrsim 200,000 M_sun的大质量GC的加权平均图像堆栈。我们应用半经验模型来预测IMBH的质量,如果在长寿命的硬X射线状态下进行吸积,与给定的射电光度是一致的。3个$σ$射电光度上限对应于全星团堆叠的平均IMBH质量M_BH(all)<42,000 M_sun,而全星团堆叠的平均IMBH质量M_BH(massive)<51,000 M_sun。我们还将经验基本面关系应用于两个X射线探测到的星系团,发现它们的IMBH质量在95%置信度下分别为M_BH <99,000 M_sun和M_BH <15,000 M_sun。最后,没有类似的HLX-1,一个强的IMBH候选人在河外星团,发生在任何个别的GC在M81。这强调了HLX-1现象的独特性或罕见性。

英文摘要:

Nantais et al. used the Hubble Space Telescope to localize probable globular clusters (GCs) in M81, a spiral galaxy at a distance of 3.63 Mpc. Theory predicts that GCs can host intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) with masses M_BH \sim 100 - 100,000 M_sun. Finding IMBHs in GCs could validate a formation channel for seed BHs in the early universe, bolster gravitational-wave predictions for space missions, and test scaling relations between stellar systems and the central BHs they host. We used the NRAO Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) to search for the radiative signatures of IMBH accretion from 206 probable GCs in a mosaic of M81. The observing wavelength was 5.5 cm and the spatial resolution was 1.5 arcsec (26.4 pc). None of the individual GCs are detected, nor are weighted-mean image stacks of the 206 GCs and the 49 massive GCs with stellar masses M_star \gtrsim 200,000 M_sun. We apply a semi-empirical model to predict the mass of an IMBH that, if undergoing accretion in the long-lived hard X-ray state, is consistent with a given radio luminosity. The 3$σ$ radio-luminosity upper limits correspond to mean IMBH masses of M_BH(all) < 42,000 M_sun for the all-cluster stack and M_BH(massive) < 51,000 M_sun for the massive-cluster stack. We also apply the empirical fundamental-plane relation to two X-ray-detected clusters, finding that their individual IMBH masses at 95% confidence are M_BH < 99,000 M_sun and M_BH < 15,000 M_sun. Finally, no analog of HLX-1, a strong IMBH candidate in an extragalactic star cluster, occurs in any individual GC in M81. This underscores the uniqueness or rarity of the HLX-1 phenomenon.

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