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arXiv 1003.3470astro-ph.GA
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早期球状星团中的中等质量黑洞

Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Early Globular Clusters

Enrico Vesperini, Stephen L. W. McMillan, Annibale D'Ercole, Francesca D'Antona

摘要:

光谱和光度观测表明,许多球状星团拥有多个恒星种群,挑战了通常的范式,即球状星团是由年龄和化学成分均匀的恒星组成的“简单恒星星族“。第二代(SG)恒星的化学丰度限制了这些恒星必须形成的气体来源,这表明气体必须包含通过高温CNO循环处理的物质。第一代大质量渐近巨星分支(AGB)恒星被认为是这种气体的来源。在以前的研究中,通过流体动力学和N体模拟,我们已经表明,AGB喷出物收集在冷却流中的集群核心,在那里的气体达到高密度,最终形成一个集中的子系统SG星。在这封信中,我们表明,高气体密度也可以导致显着的吸积到一个预先存在的种子黑洞。我们表明,气体吸积可以增加黑洞的质量高达100倍。气体动力学的细节对于确定黑洞的实际增长是很重要的。假设一个近乎普遍的种子黑洞质量和小集群集群的SG形成阶段的持续时间的变化,我们的方案的结果是一个目前的中等质量黑洞(IMBH)的质量可能只有一个弱依赖于当前的集群属性。提出的方案提供了一个自然的机制,在SG恒星形成阶段的星团中心形成的IMBH。

英文摘要:

Spectroscopic and photometric observations show that many globular clusters host multiple stellar populations, challenging the common paradigm that globular clusters are "simple stellar populations" composed of stars of uniform age and chemical composition. The chemical abundances of second-generation (SG) stars constrain the sources of gas out of which these stars must have formed, indicating that the gas must contain matter processed through the high-temperature CNO cycle. First-generation massive Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars have been proposed as the source of this gas. In a previous study, by means of hydrodynamical and N-body simulations, we have shown that the AGB ejecta collect in a cooling flow in the cluster core, where the gas reaches high densities, ultimately forming a centrally concentrated subsystem of SG stars. In this Letter we show that the high gas density can also lead to significant accretion onto a pre-existing seed black hole. We show that gas accretion can increase the black hole mass by up to a factor of 100. The details of the gas dynamics are important in determining the actual black hole growth. Assuming a near-universal seed black hole mass and small cluster-to-cluster variations in the duration of the SG formation phase, the outcome of our scenario is one in which the present intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) mass may have only a weak dependence on the current cluster properties. The scenario presented provides a natural mechanism for the formation of an IMBH at the cluster center during the SG star-formation phase.

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