We extend the research program initiated in [Phys. Rev. A 92, 012338 (2015)], where we restricted our attention to noisy deterministic teleportation protocols, to noisy probabilistic (conditional) protocols. Our main goal now is to study how we can increase the fidelity of the teleported state in the presence of noise by working with probabilistic protocols. We work with several scenarios involving the most common types of noise in realistic implementations of quantum communication tasks and find many cases where adding more noise to the probabilistic protocol increases considerably the fidelity of the teleported state, without decreasing the probability of a successful run of the protocol. Also, there are cases where the entanglement of the channel connecting Alice and Bob leading to the greatest fidelity is not maximal. Moreover, there exist cases where the optimal fidelity for the probabilistic protocols are greater than the maximal fidelity (2/3) achievable by using only classical resources, while the optimal ones for the deterministic protocols under the same conditions lie below this limit. This result clearly illustrates that in some cases we can only get a truly quantum teleportation if we use probabilistic instead of deterministic protocols.
We propose a scheme for probabilistic teleportation of an unknown two-particle state of general formation in ion trap. It is shown that one can realize experimentally this teleportation protocol of two-particle state with presently available techniques.
We proposed a general transformation in probabilistic teleportation, which is based on different entanglement matching coefficients $K$ corresponding to different unitary evolution which provides one with more flexible evolution method experimentally. Through analysis based on the Bell basis and generalized Bell basis measurement for two probabilistic teleportation, we suggested a general probability of successful teleportation, which is not only determined by the entanglement degree of transmission channels and measurement methods, but also related to the unitary transformation in the telepor…
In this letter, two different probabilistic teleportations of a two-particle entangled state by pure entangled three-particle state are shown. Their successful probabilities are different.
We propose a scheme for probabilistic teleportation of unknown two-particle state with partly entangled four-particle state via POVM. In this scheme the teleportation of unknown two-particle state can be realized with certain probability by performing two Bell state measurements, a proper POVM and a unitary transformation.
We present a scheme for probabilistic teleportation via a non-maximally entangled GHZ state. Quantum teleportation will succeed with a certain probability if the sender makes a generalized Bell state measurement, the cooperator performs a generalized $X$ basis measurement, and the receiver introduces an auxiliary particle, performs a collective unitary transformation and makes a measurement on the auxiliary particle. The success probability of the teleportation is given. We also obtain the maximum of the success probability of the teleportation.
A simplification scheme of probabilistic teleportation of two-particle state of general form is given. By means of the primitive operations consisting of single-qubit gates, two-qubit controlled-not gates, Von Neumann measurement and classically controlled operations, we construct an efficient quantum logical network for implementing the new scheme of probabilistic teleportation of a two-particle state of general form.
The scheme for probabilistic teleportation of an N-particle state of general form is proposed. As the special cases we construct efficient quantum logic networks for implementing probabilistic teleportation of a two-particle state, a three-particle state and a four-particle state of general form, built from single qubit gates, two-qubit controlled-not gates, Von Neumann measurement and classically controlled operations.
We propose a novel scheme for probabilistic teleportation when the information of the partially entangled state is only available for the sender. This is in contrast with the fact that the receiver must know the non-maximally entangled state in previous typical schemes for the teleportation. Additionally, we illustrate two potential applications of the novel scheme to probabilistically teleport an unknown two-level quantum state from a sender to a receiver with the help of an assistant, who plays distinguishable roles under different communication conditions, and the applications indicate that…
In a previous paper, we showed that many important quantum information-theoretic phenomena, including the no-cloning and no-broadcasting theorems, are in fact generic in all non-classical probabilistic theories. An exception is teleportation, which most such theories do not support. In this paper, we investigate which probabilistic theories, and more particularly, which composite systems, {\em do} support a teleportation protocol. We isolate a natural class of composite systems that we term {\em regular}, and establish necessary and sufficient conditions for a regular tripartite system to supp…
Teleportation is a quantum information processes without classical counterparts, in which the sender can disembodied transfer unknown quantum states to the receiver. In probabilistic teleportation through a partial entangled quantum channel, the transmission is exact (with fidelity 1), but may fail in a probability and the initial state is destroyed simultaneously. We propose a scheme for nondestructive probabilistic teleportation of high-dimensional quantum states. With the aid of an ancilla in the hands of the sender, the initial quantum information can be recovered when teleportation fails.…
We present simplification schemes for probabilistic and controlled teleportation of the unknown quantum states of both one-particle and two-particle and construct efficient quantum logic networks for implementing the new schemes by means of the primitive operations consisting of single-qubit gates, two-qubit controlled-not gates, Von Neumann measurement and classically controlled operations. In these schemes the teleportation are not always successful but with certain probability.
We investigate chain teleportation of a qutrit-state via the non-maximally two-qutrit entangled channels. For the case of four parties, the efficiencies of two chain teleportation protocols, the separate chain teleportation protocol (SCTP) and the global chain teleportation protocol (GCTP), are calculated. In SCTP the errors are corrected between every step while in GCTP the errors are corrected only at the end. Furthermore, we present a piecewise global chain teleportation protocol (PGCTP) for keeping away from the inconvenience of error-correction of GCTP. We show that PGCTP is more efficien…
We consider a generalized quantum teleportation protocol for an unknown qubit using non-maximally entangled state as a shared resource. Without recourse to local filtering or entanglement concentration, using standard Bell-state measurement and classical communication one cannot teleport the state with unit fidelity and unit probability. We show that using non-maximally entangled measurements one can teleport an unknown state with unit fidelity albeit with reduced probability, hence probabilistic teleportation. We also give a generalized protocol for entanglement swapping using non-maximally e…
We study the entanglement of entangled coherent states in vacuum environment by employing the entanglement of formation and propose a scheme to probabilistically teleport a coherent superposition state via entangled coherent states, in which the amount of classical information sent by Alice is restricted to one bit. The influence of decoherence due to photon absorpation is considered. It is shown that decoherence can improve the mean fidelity of probabilistic teleportation in some situations.
It is known that if the shared resource is a maximally entangled state then it is possible to teleport an unknown state with unit fidelity and unit probability. However, if the shared resource is a non-maximally entangled state then one has to follow a probabilistic scheme where one can teleport a qubit with unit fidelity and non-unit probability. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of using partially entangled states as a resource for quantum teleportation of a qudit. We also give an expression for the probability of successful teleportation of an unknown qudit.
Teleportation may be taken as sending and extracting quantum information through quantum channels. In this report, it is shown that to get the maximal probability of exact teleportation through partially entangled quantum channels, the sender (Alice) need only to operate a measurement which satisfy an ``entanglement matching'' to this channel. An optimal strategy is also provided for the receiver (Bob) to extract the quantum information by adopting general evolutions.
Teleporation with partially entangled quantum channel cannot achieve unit fidelity and unit probability. We show that the conditions for faithful teleportation of a pure state or a mixed state can be described by the same general relation $ρ_{q}ρ_{m} = pI$, where $ρ_{q}$ is the reduced density matrix of the quantum channel, $ρ_{m}$ is the reduced density matrix of the measurement basis, and $p$ is the probability of faithful teleportaion. We investigate the invariance of faithful teleportation conditions under unitary transformation. These results not only bring new insights to the probabilist…
A non-standard teleportation scheme is proposed, wherein probabilistic teleportation is achieved in conventionally non-teleporting channels. We make use of entanglement monogamy to incorporate an unknown state in a multipartite entangled channel, such that the receiver partially gets disentangled from the network. Subsequently, the sender performs local measurement based teleportation protocol in an appropriate measurement basis, which results with the receiver in the possession of an unknown state, connected by local unitary transformation with the state to be teleported. This procedure succe…
In this work, we propose a probabilistic teleportation protocol to teleport a single qubit via three-qubit W-states using two-qubit measurement basis. We show that for the proper choice of the state parameter of the resource state, it is possible to make success probability of the protocol very high. We deduce the condition for the successful execution of our teleportation protocol and this gives us new class of three-qubit W-states which act as a resource state. We have constructed operators that can be used to verify the condition of teleportation in experiment. This verification is necessar…
Improving the probabilistic quantum teleportation efficiency of arbitrary superposed coherent state using multipartite even and odd j-spin coherent states as resource
All existing quantum oblivious transfer protocols are to realize the oblivious transfer of bit or bit-string. In this paper, p-Rabin quantum oblivious transfer of a qubit (abbr. p-Rabin qubit-OT) is achieved by using a probabilistic teleportation (abbr. PT) protocol. Here, this is the first time that the concept of qubit-OT is presented. As the PT protocol is able to transfer an (un)known pure state with a certain probability, this feature makes the PT protocol well fit for Rabin OT. Furthermore, the PT protocol can be used for OT of a bit by encoding classical bit with two pre-agreed orthogon…
We study the quantum controlled and probabilistic teleportation protocol via a four-cluster state (Front. Phys. (2017) 12: 120306). The protocol cannot achieve the goal that if the teleportation fails, it can be repeated without copies of the teleported state. And the reason is that all the information of the teleported state shifts to the receiver's particle after Bell measurement and the information cannot shift back to the sender without other entangled states. To realize the claimed goal, a new quantum controlled and probabilistic teleportation protocol using the same four-cluster state is…
We clarify the connections between the erasure scheme of probabilistic CNOT gate implementation recently proposed by Pittman, Jacobs and Franson [Phys. Rev. A 64, 062311 (2001)] and quantum teleportation.
Non-commuting noises may give rise to entanglement sudden death. By considering the decoherence dynamics during establishment of the channel states and noisy recovery operations, we study further the impact of non-commuting noises on single- and two-qubit teleportation. We show that in the presence of these noises there exists a critical rate of recovery operation below which teleportation will fail.
We propose a scheme of repeated generalized Bell state measurement (GBSM) for probabilistic quantum teleportation of single qubit state of a particle (say, 0) using 3-qubit non-maximally entangled (NME) GHZ state as a quantum channel. Alice keeps two qubits (say, 1 and 2) of the 3-qubit resource and the third qubit (say, 3) goes to Bob. Initially, Alice performs GBSM on qubits 0 and 1 which may lead to either success or failure. On obtaining success, Alice performs projective measurement on qubit 2 in the eigen basis of $σ_{x}$. Both these measurement outcomes are communicated to Bob classical…
We address the dynamics of quantum correlations in a two-qubit system subject to unbalanced random telegraph noise (RTN) and discuss in details the similarities and the differences with the balanced case. We also evaluate quantum non-Markovianity of the dynamical map. Finally, we discuss the effects of unbalanced RTN on teleportation, showing that noise imbalance mitigates decoherence and preserves teleportation fidelity.
Electron spin s in semiconductor quantum dot s have been intensively studied for implementing quantum computation and high fidelity single and two qubit operation s have recently been achieved . Quantum teleportation is a three qubit protocol exploiting quantum entanglement and it serv es as a n essential primitive for more sophisticated quantum algorithm s Here, we demonstrate a scheme for quantum teleportation based on direct Bell measurement for a single electron spin qubit in a triple quantum dot utilizing the Pauli exclusion principle to create and detect maximally entangled state s . T h…
Motivated by the results of C. Macchiavello and G. M. Palma on entanglement-enhanced information transmission over a quantum channel with correlated noise, we demonstrate how the entanglement teleportation scheme of J. Lee and M. S. Kim gives rise to two uncorrelated generalized depolarizing channels. In an attempt to find a teleportation scheme which yields two correlated generalized depolarizing channels, we discover a novel teleportation scheme, which allows one to learn about the entanglement in an entangled pure input state, but without decreasing the amount of entanglement associated wit…
We consider two qubit teleportation via quantum channel affected by amplitude damping noise. Addressing the same problem, X. Hu, Y. Gu, Q. Gong and G. Guo [Phys. Rev. A 81, 054302, (2010)] recently showed that in presence of noise, subjecting more qubits in quantum channel to amplitude damping can increase the fidelity of teleportation protocol. However, in this paper, by making some adjustments on quantum channel, we obtain teleportation fidelity which is even higher than one in the case of X. Hu et al. Moreover, our strategy is simpler than quantum distillation and compared to using weak mea…
We investigate how the efficiency of the quantum teleportation protocol is affected when the qubits involved in the protocol are subjected to noise or decoherence. We study all types of noise usually encountered in real world implementations of quantum communication protocols, namely, the bit flip, phase flip (phase damping), depolarizing, and amplitude damping noise. Several realistic scenarios are studied in which a part or all of the qubits employed in the execution of the quantum teleportation protocol are subjected to the same or different types of noise. We find noise scenarios not yet k…
Entanglement is a key resource in many quantum information applications. One of these applications is quantum teleportation.The purpose of teleportation is sending qubits across quantum channels. In general these quantum channels are noisy and therefore limit the fidelity of transmission.In this paper we consider the effect of noise on teleportation and finally find the fidelity of teleportation in presence of noise.
We study the probabilistic (conditional) teleportation protocol when the entanglement needed to its implementation is given by thermal entanglement, i.e., when the entangled resource connecting Alice and Bob is an entangled mixed state described by the canonical ensemble density matrix. Specifically, the entangled resource we employ here is given by two interacting spin-1/2 systems (two qubits) in equilibrium with a thermal reservoir at temperature T. The interaction between the qubits is described by a Heisenberg-like Hamiltonian, encompassing the Ising, the XX, the XY, the XXX, and XXZ model…
A scheme for teleporting an unknown two-particle entangled state via W class states is proposed. In this scheme, the W class entangled states are considered as quantum channels. It is shown that by means of optimal discrimination between two nonorthogonal quantum states, probabilistic teleportation of the two-particle entangled state can be achieved.
We analyse the problem of transmitting a number of unknown quantum states or one composite system in one go. We derive a lower bound on the performance of such process, measured in the entanglement fidelity. The obtained bound is effectively computable and outperforms the explicit values of the entanglement fidelity calculated for the pre-existing variants of the port-based protocols, allowing for teleportation of a much larger amount of quantum information. The comparison with the exact formulas and similar analysis for the probabilistic scheme is also discussed. In particular, we present the…
Recently we have considered two-qubit teleportation via mixed states of four qubits and defined the generalized singlet fraction. For single-qubit teleportation, Badziag {\em et al.} [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 62}, 012311 (2000)] and Bandyopadhyay [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 65}, 022302 (2002)] have obtained a family of entangled two-qubit mixed states whose teleportation fidelity can be enhanced by subjecting one of the qubits to dissipative interaction with the environment via an amplitude damping channel. Here, we show that a dissipative interaction with the local environment via a pair of time-correlated a…
Quantum teleportation is a powerful protocol with applications in several schemes of quantum communication, quantum cryptography and quantum computing. The present work shows the required conditions for a two-qubit quantum gate to be deterministically and probabilistically teleported by a quantum gate teleportation scheme using different basis of measurement. Additionally, we present examples of teleportation of two-qubit gates that do not belong to Clifford group as well the limitations of the quantum gate teleportation scheme employing a four-qubit state with genuine four-way entanglement.
A method is presented for achieving entanglement-free teleportation of a quantum state subject to any quantum noise. We apply this as a light-speed noise-resistant communicator, but also treat the possibility of a quantum ansible, a device for effectively superluminal communication and quantum broadcasting. The results suggest a "no-projector theorem" analogous to the no-cloning theorem. We then show how to build a pseudo-ansible for connection-free light-speed communication.
Physicists are attracted to open-system dynamics, how quantum systems evolve, and how they can protected from unnecessary environmental noise, especially environmental memory effects are not negligible, as with non-Markovian approximations. There are several methods to solve master equation of non-Markovian cases, we obtain the solutions of quantum-state-diffusion equation for a two qubit system using perturbation method, which under influence of various types of environmental noises, i.e., relaxation, dephasing and mix of them. We found that mixing these two types of noises benefit the quantu…
We address de-Gaussification of continuous variables Gaussian states by optimal non-deterministic noiseless linear amplifier (NLA) and analyze in details the properties of the amplified states. In particular, we investigate the entanglement content and the non-Gaussian character for the class of non-Gaussian entangled state obtained by using NL-amplification of two-mode squeezed vacua (twin-beam, TWB). We show that entanglement always increases, whereas improved EPR correlations are observed only when the input TWB has low energy. We then examine a Braunstein-Kimble-like protocol for the telep…
We study the protocol of qudit teleportation using quantum systems subjected to several kinds of noise for arbitrary dimensionality $d$. We consider four classes of noise: dit-flip, $d$-phase-flip, dit-phase-flip and depolarizing, each of them corresponding to a family of Weyl operators, introduced via Kraus formalism. We derive a general expression for the average fidelity of teleportation in arbitrary dimension $d$ for any combination of noise on the involved qudits. Under a different approach we derive the average fidelity of teleportation for a more general scenario involving the $d$-dimen…
Quantum communication is one of the hot topics in quantum computing, where teleportation of a quantum state has a slight edge and gained significant attention from researchers. A large number of teleportation schemes have already been introduced so far. Here, we compare the teleportation of a single qubit message among different entangled channels such as the two-qubit Bell channel, three-qubit GHZ channel, two- and three-qubit cluster states, the highly entangled five-qubit Brown \emph{et al.} state and the six-qubit Borras \emph{et al.} state. We calculate and compare the quantum costs in ea…
We present a computational circuit which realizes contextually the Tele-UNOT gate and the universal optimal quantum cloning machine (UOQCM). We report the experimental realization of the probabilistic UOQCM with polarization encoded qubits. This is achieved by combining on a symmetric beam-splitter the input qubit with an ancilla in a fully mixed state.
Quantum teleportation is possible because entanglement allows a definition of precise correlations between the non-commuting properties of a local system and corresponding non-commuting properties of a remote system. In this paper, the exact causality achieved by maximal entanglement is analyzed and the results are applied to the transfer of effects acting on the entanglement distribution channels to the teleported output state. In particular, it is shown how measurements performed on the entangled system distributed to the sender provide information on the teleported state while transferring …
The scheme of quantum teleportation, where Bob has multiple (N) output ports and obtains the teleported state by simply selecting one of the N ports, is thoroughly studied. We consider both deterministic version and probabilistic version of the teleportation scheme aiming to teleport an unknown state of a qubit. Moreover, we consider two cases for each version: (i) the state employed for the teleportation is fixed to a maximally entangled state, and (ii) the state is also optimized as well as Alice's measurement. We analytically determine the optimal protocols for all the four cases, and show …
In this paper, we introduce optimal versions of a multi-port based teleportation scheme allowing to send a large amount of quantum information. We fully characterise probabilistic and deterministic case by presenting expressions for the average probability of success and entanglement fidelity. In the probabilistic case, the final expression depends only on global parameters describing the problem, such as the number of ports $N$, the number of teleported systems $k$, and local dimension $d$. It allows us to show square improvement in the number of ports with respect to the non-optimal case. We…
Quantum teleportation is one of the most pioneering features of the quantum world. Typically, the quality of a teleportation protocol is solely judged by its average fidelity. In this work, we analyze the performance of teleportation in terms of both fidelity and the deviation in fidelity. Specifically, we define a quantity called teleportability score, which incorporates contributions from both the fidelity and its deviation. It also takes into account the sensitivity one requires for a protocol in which the teleportation of a quantum state is required in one or many intermediate steps. We co…
Port-based teleportation under pure-dephasing decoherence
Center for Theoretical Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences（波兰科学院理论物理中心）；International Centre for Theory of Quantum Technologies, University of Gdańsk（格但斯克大学量子技术理论国际中心）
We present a model to realize a probabilistic conditional sign flip gate using only linear optics. The gate operates in the space of number state qubits and is obtained by a nonconventional use of the teleportation protocol. Both a destructive and a nondestructive version of the gate are presented. In the former case an Hadamard gate on the control qubit is combined with a projective teleportation scheme mixing control and target. The success probability is 1/2. In the latter case we need a quantum encoder realized via the interaction of the control qubit with an ancillary state composed of tw…
