arXiv 1604.045722016-04hep-phnucl-th

重离子碰撞中量子源的经典电磁场

Classical Electromagnetic Fields from Quantum Sources in Heavy-Ion Collisions

Robert Holliday, Ryan McCarty, Balthazar Peroutka, Kirill Tuchin

备注：: 12 pages, 4 figures. V2: a numerical error corrected, figures improved, other minor improvements
DOI：: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2016.10.003

摘要：

电磁场是由旁观价质子在高能核碰撞中产生的。这些场传统上是通过积分点源的麦克斯韦方程组来计算的。人们可能会认为，这样的方法是有效的，在距离远大于质子的大小，因此，这样的经典方法应该工作在几乎整个相互作用区域的情况下，重核。我们认为，事实上，相反的是正确的：由于质子波函数的量子扩散，经典近似打破了系统大小的顺序的距离。我们计算的电磁场所产生的带电粒子最初描述为一个高斯波包的宽度为1 fm，并在真空中根据克莱因-戈登方程的演变。我们完全忽略了媒介的影响。我们表明，经典和量子源所产生的电磁场的动力学，大小，甚至符号是不同的。

英文摘要：

Electromagnetic fields are generated in high energy nuclear collisions by spectator valence protons. These fields are traditionally computed by integrating the Maxwell equations with point sources. One might expect that such an approach is valid at distances much larger than the proton size and thus such a classical approach should work well for almost the entire interaction region in the case of heavy nuclei. We argue that, in fact, the contrary is true: due to the quantum diffusion of the proton wave function, the classical approximation breaks down at distances of the order of the system size. We compute the electromagnetic field created by a charged particle described initially as a Gaussian wave packet of width 1 fm and evolving in vacuum according to the Klein-Gordon equation. We completely neglect the medium effects. We show that the dynamics, magnitude and even sign of the electromagnetic field created by classical and quantum sources are different.

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