We propose a novel type of interpolating field operators, which manifests the hybrid-like configuration that the charm quark-antiquark pair recoils against gluonic degrees of freedom. A heavy vector charmonium-like state with a mass of $4.33(2)\,{\rm GeV}$ is disentangled from the conventional charmonium states in the quenched approximation. This state has affinity for the hybrid-like operators but couples less to the relevant quark bilinear operator. We also try to extract its leptonic decay constant and give a tentative upper limit that it is less than one tenth of that of $J/ψ$, which corresponds to a leptonic decay width about dozens of eV. The connection of this state with $X(4260)$ is also discussed.
We review selected lattice results on the charmonium spectrum and first attempts to search for the existence of exotic states. The hadro-quarkonium model was proposed to interpret some of the exotic states as a quarkonium core inside a hadron. We present a lattice study of the hadro-quarkonium model in the limit of static quarks. The charm quark decouples in low energy observables and binding energies of charmonium. In a model calculation we are able to evaluate the corrections to decoupling of the charm quark in the continuum.
Exotic and higher spin (> 1) mesons are still not throughly investigated in lattice QCD. Using a set of derivative based operators we report our exploratory study of these mesons in charmonium region. We use a 12^3 X 48 anisotropic (xi = 3) clover lattice with inverse temporal lattice spacing a^-1 = 6.05 GeV. Techniques developed in this exploratory study will be utilized in our future comprehensive study of light hybrid mesons that are to be explored in the 12 GeV GlueX experiment at Jefferson Laboratory.
The ground and first excited states of the hybrid charmonium ${\bar c} c g$, with non-exotic quantum numbers $J^{PC}=0^{-+}$, $1^{--}$ and $1^{++}$ are investigated using quenched lattice QCD. They are completely ignored in the literature, only because their ground states are degenerate with $η_c$, $J/ψ$, and $χ_{c1}$, and are difficult to be distinguished from these conventional charmonium mesons in experiment. However, we observe strong gluonic radial excitations in the first excited states; We predict that their masses are 4.352(225)GeV, 4.379(149)GeV and 7.315(257)GeV, completely different…
We present a spectrum of highly excited charmonium mesons up to around 4.5 GeV calculated using dynamical lattice QCD. Employing novel computational techniques and the variational method with a large basis of carefully constructed operators, we extract and reliably identify the continuum spin of an extensive set of excited states, states with exotic quantum numbers (0+-, 1-+, 2+-) and states with high spin. Calculations are performed on two lattice volumes with pion mass approximately 400 MeV and the mass determinations have high statistical precision even for excited states. We discuss the re…
We study the charmonium spectrum including higher spin and exotic states. We use the Sheikholeslami-Wilson (clover) action for $N_f=2$ sea quarks as well as for the charm valence quark. In order to access excited states we apply a variational method with a basis of highly optimized operators.
We present highly-excited charmonium, $D_s$ and $D$ meson spectra from dynamical lattice QCD calculations with light quarks corresponding to $M_π \sim 240$ MeV and compare these to previous results with $M_π \sim 400$ MeV. Utilising the distillation framework, large bases of carefully constructed interpolating operators and a variational procedure, we extract and reliably identify the continuum spin of an extensive set of excited mesons. These include states with exotic quantum numbers which, along with a number with non-exotic quantum numbers, we identify as having excited gluonic degrees of …
We compute, for the first time using lattice QCD methods, radiative transition rates involving excited charmonium states, states of high spin and exotics. Utilizing a large basis of interpolating fields we are able to project out various excited state contributions to three-point correlators computed on quenched anisotropic lattices. In the first lattice QCD calculation of the exotic 1-+ eta_c1 radiative decay, we find a large partial width Gamma(eta_c1 -> J/psi gamma) ~ 100 keV. We find clear signals for electric dipole and magnetic quadrupole transition form factors in chi_c2 -> J/psi gamma,…
We use the dynamical gluon configurations provided by the MILC collaboration in a study of the charmonium spectrum and psi leptonic width. We examine sea quark effects on mass splitting and on the leptonic decay matrix element for light masses as low as m_s/5, while keeping the strange quark mass fixed and the lattice spacing nearly constant.
We have performed the first $n_f = 2+1+1$ lattice QCD computations of the properties (masses and decay constants) of ground-state charmonium mesons. Our calculation uses the HISQ action to generate quark-line connected two-point correlation functions on MILC gluon field configurations that include $u/d$ quark masses going down to the physical point, tuning the $c$ quark mass from $M_{J/ψ}$ and including the effect of the $c$ quark's electric charge through quenched QED. We obtain $M_{J/ψ}-M_{η_c}$ (connected) = 120.3(1.1) MeV and interpret the difference with experiment as the impact on $M_{η_…
The lattice QCD simulations of charmonia and exotic charmonium-like states are reviewed. I report on the first exploratory simulation of charmonium resonances above open charm threshold which takes into account the strong decay. The puzzles related to the first-excited scalar charmonia are discussed. Evidence for X(3872) is presented along with investigation of its Fock components. The $Z_c^+(3900)$ seems to emerge from the HALQCD approach as a result of the coupled channel effect $J/ψπ-D\bar D^*$. The indication for the pentaquark bound state $η_c N$ is presented.
We present a progress report on our study of the charmonium spectrum in full QCD on anisotropic lattices generated by the Hadron Spectrum Collaboration. We adopt a large basis of interpolating operators to extract the excited charmonium states using the variational method. A detailed spectrum of excited charmonium mesons in many $J^{PC}$ channels is obtained. Hybrid states with exotic and non-exotic quantum numbers are determined and preliminary results from a study of disconnected contributions to the $η_c$ are presented.
We present our final results for the excited charmonium spectrum from a quenched calculation using a fully relativistic anisotropic lattice QCD action. A detailed excited charmonium spectrum is obtained, including both the exotic hybrids (with $J^{PC} = 1^{-+}, 0^{+-}, 2^{+-}$) and orbitally excited mesons (with orbital angular momentum up to 3). Using three different lattice spacings (0.197, 0.131, and 0.092 fm), we perform a continuum extrapolation of the spectrum. We convert our results in lattice units to physical values using lattice scales set by the $^1P_1-1S$ splitting. The lowest lyin…
We show results from calculations in full lattice QCD of the mass, leptonic width and radiative decay rate to eta_c of the J/psi meson. These provide few % tests of QCD. Another (1.5%) test comes from comparison of time-moments of the vector charmonium correlator with results derived from the experimental values of R(e+e- to hadrons) in the charm region.
We present preliminary calculations towards radiative transitions in charmonium using anisotropic $N_f = 2 + 1$ dynamical ensembles generated by the Hadron Spectrum Collaboration. With the use of newer technologies we aim to investigate transitions between states, including potential exotic charmonium states, lying higher in the spectrum than in previous studies. A crucial ingredient in this work is the use of variationally optimised interpolating operators which allow for a reliable determination of the three-point correlation functions needed. Using these operators, we perform first calculat…
We present the first lattice results of the spectrum of exotic vector mesons extracted from the molecular and diquark-antidiquark operators, with quark fields c-q-cbar-qbar, and c-s-cbar-qbar (c-q-cbar-sbar) respectively, in lattice QCD with exact chiral symmetry. Our results suggest that X(3872) and Y(4260) are in the spectrum of QCD, with J^{PC} = 1^{++} and 1^{--} respectively. Moreover, we obtain the spectrum of heavier exotic mesons with c-s-cbar-ubar (c-u-cbar-sbar), c-s-cbar-dbar (c-d-cbar-sbar), c-s-cbar-sbar, and c-c-cbar-cbar, as the first theoretical predictions from lattice QCD.
Very recently LHCb reported the evidence of a new charged charmonium-like structure in the $J/ψπ^-$ invariant mass spectrum near 4600 MeV. In this work we investigate this structure together with three other charged charmonium-like states, the $Z_c(3900)$, $Z_c(4020)$, and $Z_c(4430)$. Our results suggest that the two higher states can be established as the first radial excitations of the two lower ones, all of which have the quantum numbers $J^{PC}=1^{+-}$. We propose to search for more relationship among exotic hadrons in order to better understand them.
Thermal Hilbert moment QCD sum rules are used to obtain the temperature dependence of the hadronic parameters of charmonium in the vector channel, i.e. the $J$ / $ψ$ resonance mass, coupling (leptonic decay constant), total width, and continuum threshold. The continuum threshold $s_0$, which signals the end of the resonance region and the onset of perturbative QCD (PQCD), behaves as in all other hadronic channels, i.e. it decreases with increasing temperature until it reaches the PQCD threshold $s_0 = 4 m_Q^2$, with $m_Q$ the charm quark mass, at $T\simeq 1.22 T_c$. The rest of the hadronic pa…
Many mesons with properties incompatible with a $\bar cc$ structure have already been discovered, e.g. the $Z_c$ mesons with isospin 1. We investigate the spectrum of exotic charmonium-like mesons using lattice QCD. The focus is on $\bar cc \bar qq$ states with $J^{PC}=1^{+\pm}$ and isospin 1. This is the first study of four-quark states with these quantum numbers, a non-zero total momentum and two different lattice volumes. We extract the energy levels and determine the scattering length for $D\bar D^*$ scattering close to the threshold using Lüscher's formalism. Our preliminary results show …
Many exotic charmonium resonances have been identified recently in experiment, however their nature and properties are mostly unknown. Algorithmic and theoretical progress in lattice calculations has enabled reliable numerical investigation of the spectrum below the strong decay threshold, while the study of charmonium resonances remains an open challenge. The main difficulty to overcome is the presence of many open decay channels which are coupled together, resulting in a complex finite volume quantization condition. We report on our recent progress towards the determination of single-channel…
Recent lattice QCD results on the hadron spectroscopy with beauty and charm quarks is reviewed. The focus of the review are exotic hadrons, while non-lattice approaches and conventional hadrons are reported as well. We discuss the recently discovered $Ω_c^*$, a charmonium state with spin three, $P_c$ pentaquarks, $B_c(2S)$ and $Λ_b^*$, the long-standing challenges for theory $Z_c$, $Z_b$ and $X(3872)$, and we review predictions for yet undiscovered states $bb\bar q\bar q$, $\bar bb\bar bb$, highly excited and hybrid $\bar bb$, baryons with bottom quarks and still-missing $B_{s}$ mesons.
Lots of charmonium-like structures have been observed in the last two decades. Most of them have quantum numbers that can be formed by a pair of charm and anticharm quarks, thus it is difficult to unambiguously identify the exotic ones among them. In this Letter, by exploiting heavy quark spin symmetry, we present a robust prediction of the hadronic molecular scenario, where the $ψ(4230),ψ(4360)$ and $ψ(4415)$ are identified as $D\bar D_1,D^*\bar D_1$ and $D^*\bar D^*_2$ bound states, respectively. We show that a flavor-neutral charmonium-like exotic state with quantum numbers $J^{PC}=0^{--}$,…
Recently the LHCb experiment found evidence for the existence of two exotic resonances consisting of $c\bar{c}uud$ quarks. Among the possible interpretations is the hadro-charmonium model, in which charmonium is bound "within" a light hadron. We test this idea on CLS $N_f$=2+1 lattices using the static formulation for the heavy quarks. We find that the static potential is modified by the presence of a hadron such that it becomes more attractive. The effect is of the order of a few MeV.
The lowest-lying charmonium-like tetraquarks $c\bar{c}q\bar{q}$ $(q=u,\,d)$ and $c\bar{c}s\bar{s}$, with spin-parity $J^P=0^+$, $1^+$ and $2^+$, and isospin $I=0$ and $1$, are systematically investigated within the theoretical framework of complex-scaling range for a chiral quark model that has already been successfully applied in former studies of various tetra- and penta-quark systems. A four-body $S$-wave configuration which includes meson-meson, diquark-antidiquark and K-type arrangements of quarks, along with all possible color wave functions, is comprehensively considered. Several narrow…
We study the mass splittings of $Q_1q_2\bar{Q}_3\bar{q}_4$ ($Q=c,b$, $q=u,d,s$) tetraquark states with chromomagnetic interactions between their quark components. Assuming that $X(4140)$ is the lowest $J^{PC}=1^{++}$ $cs\bar{c}\bar{s}$ tetraquark, we estimate the masses of the other tetraquark states. From the obtained masses and defined measure reflecting effective quark interactions, we find the following assignments for several exotic states: (1) both $X(3860)$ and the newly observed $Z_c(4100)$ seem to be $0^{++}$ $cn\bar{c}\bar{n}$ tetraquarks; (2) $Z_c(4200)$ is probably a $1^{+-}$ $cn\b…
The original charmonium two-body problem, like the $c\bar c$ structure of the $J/ψ$ meson, has become more involved in the last few years with the discovery of new resonances such as the tentative molecular state $X(3872)$ or the possible pentaquark one $P_{c}(4380)^{+}$. We discuss herein how these exotic states (and others) can be described in a unified way adding higher Fock state components to the naive quark model picture. In particular, we present our theoretical results on the pentaquark states $P_{c}(4380)^{+}$ and $P_{c}(4450)^{+}$, and on the new charmonium-like resonances $X(4140)$,…
