使用2009年和2010年CSTAR观测的南极洲Dome A的恒星变率和耀斑速率
Stellar Variability and Flare Rates from Dome A, Antarctica using 2009 and 2010 CSTAR Observations
摘要：
2008、2009和2010年冬季，中国小望远镜ARray（CSTAR）在南极Dome A进行了以南天极为中心的20.1平方度的高节奏时间序列观测。在每个观测季节几乎连续6个月的黑暗条件下，通过GRI和透明滤光片收集了>10^6张图像，从而在3年的运行过程中检测到>10^4个源。南极高原近乎太空的条件是一个理想的试验平台，可以检验甚小孔径（<20厘米）望远镜是否适合探测瞬变事件、变星和恒星耀斑。我们提出了一个强大的搜索这样的对象，在2009年和2010年冬季期间获得的数据使用差分图像分析的结果。虽然没有发现瞬变现象，但我们探测到了29次耀斑事件，并发现在我们的样本中，晚K矮星的标准化耀斑速率为5+ 4 × 10 ^-7耀斑/小时，M矮星为1+ 1 × 10 ^-6耀斑/小时，所有其他恒星为7+ 1 × 10 ^-7耀斑/小时。我们建议未来计划部署在Dome A的小孔径望远镜将受益于跟踪机制，以帮助减轻重影的影响，以及更精细的像素尺度，以提高望远镜对微弱物体的灵敏度。我们发现，非瞬态源的光变曲线具有优良的光度学质量，一旦校正系统学，并仅限于光子噪声和大气闪烁。
英文摘要：
The Chinese Small Telescope ARray (CSTAR) carried out high-cadence time-series observations of 20.1 square degrees centered on the South Celestial Pole during the 2008, 2009 & 2010 winter seasons from Dome A in Antarctica. The nearly-continuous 6 months of dark conditions during each observing season allowed for >10^6 images to be collected through gri and clear filters, resulting in the detection of >10^4 sources over the course of 3 years of operation. The nearly space-like conditions in the Antarctic plateau are an ideal testbed for the suitability of very small-aperture (<20 cm) telescopes to detect transient events, variable stars and stellar flares. We present the results of a robust search for such objects using difference image analysis of the data obtained during the 2009 & 2010 winter seasons. While no transients were found, we detected 29 flaring events and find a normalized flaring rate of 5+\-4x10^-7 flare/hour for late-K dwarfs, 1+\-1x10^-6 flare/hour for M dwarfs and 7+\-1x10^-7 flare/hour for all other stars in our sample. We suggest future small-aperture telescopes planned for deployment at Dome A would benefit from a tracking mechanism, to help alleviate effects from ghosting, and a finer pixel scale, to increase the telescope's sensitivity to faint objects. We find that the light curves of non-transient sources have excellent photometric qualities once corrected for systematics, and are limited only by photon noise and atmospheric scintillation.
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