评估处理最佳亚组的影响
Evaluating the Impact of Treating the Optimal Subgroup
摘要：
假设我们有一个二元治疗方法来影响一个结果。鉴于来自观察性或对照研究的数据，我们希望确定是否存在一些观察到的协变量子集，其中治疗比不治疗的标准实践更有效。此外，我们希望量化如果该亚组接受治疗而其余人群未接受治疗，将看到的人群平均结局的改善。我们发现，这个问题是令人惊讶的挑战，因为它是一个（至少是隐含的）研究目标。盲目地应用标准技术不能产生任何明显的渐近结果，而使用现有的技术来面对非规律性并不一定有助于没有处理效应的分布。在这里，我们描述了一种方法来估计治疗亚组的影响，该亚组受益于在非参数模型中有效的治疗，并且能够处理没有处理效应的情况。该方法是对最近出现在个体化医学文献中的方法的轻微修改。
英文摘要：
Suppose we have a binary treatment used to influence an outcome. Given data from an observational or controlled study, we wish to determine whether or not there exists some subset of observed covariates in which the treatment is more effective than the standard practice of no treatment. Furthermore, we wish to quantify the improvement in population mean outcome that will be seen if this subgroup receives treatment and the rest of the population remains untreated. We show that this problem is surprisingly challenging given how often it is an (at least implicit) study objective. Blindly applying standard techniques fails to yield any apparent asymptotic results, while using existing techniques to confront the non-regularity does not necessarily help at distributions where there is no treatment effect. Here we describe an approach to estimate the impact of treating the subgroup which benefits from treatment that is valid in a nonparametric model and is able to deal with the case where there is no treatment effect. The approach is a slight modification of an approach that recently appeared in the individualized medicine literature.
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