人口随机性和资源自相关控制异质景观中的生物入侵
Demographic stochasticity and resource autocorrelation control biological invasions in heterogeneous landscapes
摘要：
生物入侵的经典模型通过假设恒定的增长率和随机的局部运动来评估物种在同质景观中的传播。然而，越来越多的证据表明，人口随机性，环境异质性和非随机移动的个人影响很大的传播动态。在这里，我们表明，生物入侵的动态控制的空间异质性的资源分布。我们从理论上表明，增加景观资源的自相关长度会导致物种传播的平均速度降低。人口统计学的随机性在经济放缓中起着关键作用，当个人能够积极地向资源转移时，经济放缓会加剧。在实验室的微观实验中，通过比较不同资源异质性的栖息地传播的鞭毛虫原生生物Euglena gracilis的前端传播速度的减少进行了验证。我们的理论和实验研究结果强调需要考虑的内在随机性的种群动力学来描述蔓延在空间上扩展的景观，这是不可避免的特点是异质空间分布的资源控制的生命率。我们的工作确定了资源自相关长度作为一个关键的调制器和一个简单的衡量景观对生物入侵的敏感性，与自然异质环境走廊内的生物入侵的预测字符的影响。
英文摘要：
Classical models of biological invasions assess species spread in homogeneous landscapes by assuming constant growth rates and random local movement. Mounting evidence suggests, however, that demographic stochasticity, environmental heterogeneity and non-random movement of individuals affect considerably the spread dynamics. Here, we show that the dynamics of biological invasions are controlled by the spatial heterogeneity of the resource distribution. We show theoretically that increasing the landscape resource autocorrelation length causes a reduction in the average speed of species spread. Demographic stochasticity plays a key role in the slowdown, which is streghtened when individuals can actively move towards resources. The reduction in the front propagation speed is verified in laboratory microcosm experiments with the flagellated protist Euglena gracilis by comparing spread in habitats characterized by different resource heterogeneity. Our theoretical and experimental findings highlight the need to account for the intrinsic stochasticity of population dynamics to describe spread in spatially extended landscapes, which are inevitably characterized by heterogeneous spatial distributions of resources controlling vital rates. Our work identifies the resource autocorrelation length as a key modulator and a simple measure of landscape susceptibility to biological invasions, with implications for predicting the characters of biological invasions within naturally heterogeneous environmental corridors.
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