多路复用网络结构引起的拥塞
Congestion induced by the structure of multiplex networks
摘要：
多路复用网络是多层互连的复杂网络的表示，其中每一层的节点都是相同的。在其他类型的复杂系统中，它们被证明是对多式联运网络的错综复杂的连通性的很好的抽象。在这样的网络中出现的最重要的关键现象之一是交通流的拥塞的出现。在这里，我们证明了分析的结构，多路复用网络可以引起拥塞的流量，否则将解除拥塞，如果各个层没有互连。我们提供了明确的方程的发病拥塞和近似，允许计算这个发病从各个层的各个描述符。观察到的合作现象提醒Braess悖论，其中当移动实体自私地选择其路线时，向网络添加额外的容量在某些情况下会降低整体性能。同样，在复合结构中，运输效率会使运输负荷不平衡，从而导致意外的拥挤。
英文摘要：
Multiplex networks are representations of multilayer interconnected complex networks where the nodes are the same at every layer. They turn out to be good abstractions of the intricate connectivity of multimodal transportation networks, among other types of complex systems. One of the most important critical phenomena arising in such networks is the emergence of congestion in transportation flows. Here we prove analytically that the structure of multiplex networks can induce congestion for flows that otherwise will be decongested if the individual layers were not interconnected. We provide explicit equations for the onset of congestion and approximations that allow to compute this onset from individual descriptors of the individual layers. The observed cooperative phenomenon reminds the Braess' paradox in which adding extra capacity to a network when the moving entities selfishly choose their route can in some cases reduce overall performance. Similarly, in the multiplex structure, the efficiency in transportation can unbalance the transportation loads resulting in unexpected congestion.
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