arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
北美退伍军人节(Veterans Day),12 日无更新
arXiv 1602.07376physics.ed-ph
收藏

学生对对称性和高斯电学定律的理解

Student understanding of symmetry and Gauss's law of electricity

Chandralekha Singh

摘要:

我们调查的困难,学生在微积分为基础的入门物理课程的对称性,电场,和电通量的概念,这是很重要的应用高斯定律。使用高斯定律确定电场需要确定特定电荷分布的对称性,并且如果存在高对称性,则需要预测各处的电场的方向。有效地应用高斯定律隐含地要求理解电场的叠加原理。帮助学生学习高斯定律何时可以很容易地应用于确定电场的强度,然后帮助他们学习确定高斯曲面的适当形状,如果存在足够的对称性,可以帮助发展他们的推理和解决问题的能力。我们管理的自由回答和多项选择题,并进行了个别学生的访谈,使用有声思维协议,以阐明的困难,学生与对称性,电场,和电通量的概念。我们还开发了一个多项选择测试,针对这些概念性的问题,以获得定量信息,他们的困难和管理,以541名学生在介绍微积分为基础的物理课程和高层次的本科生在电和磁的课程,研究生就读于TA研讨会课程。我们发现,本科生有许多共同的困难,这些概念。

英文摘要:

We investigate the difficulties that students in calculus-based introductory physics courses have with the concepts of symmetry, electric field, and electric flux which are important for applying Gauss's law. The determination of the electric field using Gauss's law requires determining the symmetry of a particular charge distribution and predicting the direction of the electric field everywhere if a high symmetry exists. Effective application of Gauss's law implicitly requires understanding the principle of superposition for electric fields. Helping students learn when Gauss's law can be readily applied to determine the strength of the electric field, and then helping them learn to determine the appropriate shape of Gaussian surfaces if sufficient symmetry exists, can help develop their reasoning and problem-solving skills. We administered free-response and multiple-choice questions and conducted interviews with individual students using a think-aloud protocol to elucidate the difficulties that students have with the concepts of symmetry, electric field, and electric flux. We also developed a multiple-choice test that targets these conceptual issues to obtain quantitative information about their difficulties and administered it to 541 students in the introductory calculus-based physics courses and to upper-level undergraduates in an electricity and magnetism course and to graduate students enrolled in a TA seminar course. We find that undergraduate students have many common difficulties with these concepts.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑