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arXiv 1602.07098astro-ph.EP
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褐矮星能在对流星的近轨道上生存吗?

Can brown dwarfs survive on close orbits around convective stars?

Cilia Damiani, Rodrigo Díaz

摘要:

褐矮星跨越了从行星到恒星物体的质量范围过渡。与轨道周期小于几年的系外行星相比,FGKM恒星周围的褐矮星同伴相对较少,但大多数以凌日和径向速度为特征的短周期褐矮星同伴都在F型恒星周围发现。我们研究的假设,褐矮星的同伴不能生存在附近的轨道上的恒星与重要的对流信封,因为潮汐和角动量损失通过磁破应导致快速的轨道衰变和快速吞没的同伴。我们使用一个经典的Skumanich型制动法,和恒定的时滞潮汐理论来评估的特征时间尺度的轨道衰变的褐矮星质量范围作为主机属性的函数。我们发现,对于给定的轨道周期,F型星可能比G型星拥有更长的时间,这可以解释轨道周期小于5天的褐矮星缺乏G型宿主。另一方面,我们表明,早期的M型恒星的小半径的轨道衰变时间尺度,只有一半的F型恒星,尽管他们更有效的潮汐耗散和磁制动。对于完全对流的后型M矮星,轨道衰变的时间尺度可能比F型恒星大几个数量级。对于大于10天的轨道周期,褐矮星的出现应该在很大程度上不受潮汐衰变的影响,无论宿主的质量如何。在较近的轨道周期上,大质量伴星的快速吞没可以解释在已知的具有过境棕矮星的系统样本中缺乏G和K型宿主。然而,M型主机的缺乏不能单独的潮汐衰变的影响,但可能是在样品和/或形成机制的选择效应的结果。

英文摘要:

Brown dwarfs straddle the mass range transition from planetary to stellar objects. There is a relative paucity of brown dwarfs companions around FGKM stars compared to exoplanets for orbital periods less than a few years, but most of the short-period brown dwarf companions fully characterised by transits and radial velocities are found around F-type stars. We examine the hypothesis that brown dwarf companions could not survive on close orbit around stars with important convective envelopes because the tides and angular momentum loss through magnetic breaking should lead to a rapid orbital decay and quick engulfment of the companion. We use a classical Skumanich-type braking law, and constant time-lag tidal theory to assess the characteristic timescale for orbital decay for the brown dwarf mass range as a function of the host properties. We find that F-type stars may host massive companions for a significantly longer time than G-type stars for a given orbital period, which may explain the paucity of G-type hosts for brown dwarfs with orbital period less than 5 days. On the other hand, we show that the small radius of early M-type stars contributes to orbital decay timescales that are only half those of F-type stars, despite their more efficient tidal dissipation and magnetic braking. For fully convective later type M-dwarfs, orbital decay timescales could be orders of magnitude greater than for F-type stars. For orbital periods greater than 10 days, brown dwarf occurrence should largely be unaffected by tidal decay, whatever the mass of the host. On closer orbital periods, the rapid engulfment of massive companions could explain the lack of G and K-type hosts in the sample of known systems with transiting brown dwarfs. However, the paucity of M-type hosts can not be an effect of tidal decay alone, but may be the result of a selection effect in the sample and/or the formation mechanism.

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