具有普朗克宇宙学参数的晕和次晕人口统计：Bolshoi-Planck和MultiDark-Planck模拟
Halo and Subhalo Demographics with Planck Cosmological Parameters: Bolshoi-Planck and MultiDark-Planck Simulations
摘要：
我们报告并提供拟合函数的丰富的暗物质晕和subhalos作为质量，圆速度和红移的函数从新的Bolshoi-普朗克和MultiDark-普朗克$Λ$ CDM宇宙学模拟，普朗克宇宙学参数的基础上。我们还报告了晕质量吸积率，这可能与星系恒星形成率。我们发现，更高的宇宙学物质密度的普朗克参数相比，WMAP参数导致更高丰度的大质量晕在高红移。我们发现，中位数晕自旋参数$λ_{\rm B} = J(2M_{\rm vir}R_{\rm vir}V_{\rm vir})^{-1}$是几乎独立的红移，导致预测的星系大小的演变是一致的观测，而显着减少与红移中位数$λ_{\rm P} = J|E|^{-1/2}G^{-1}M^{-5/2}$预测更多的星系大小比观察到的减少。使用Tully-Fisher和Faber-Jackson的星系速度和质量之间的关系，我们表明，一个简单的模型，星系速度是如何与晕最大圆速度导致宇宙恒星质量密度的增加过度预测的红移增加超过红移$z\sim1$，这意味着这样的速度质量关系必须改变红移$z>1$。通过一个现实的模型，如何观察到的星系速度与晕圆速度，我们表明，最近的光学和无线电观测的星系丰度与我们的$Λ$ CDM模拟吻合得很好。我们的光环人口统计数据基于更新版本的\rockstar \和\ctrees \代码，本文包括解释其所有输出的附录。本文是一系列相关论文的介绍，介绍了Bolshoi-Planck和MultiDark-Planck模拟的其他分析。
英文摘要：
We report and provide fitting functions for the abundance of dark matter halos and subhalos as a function of mass, circular velocity, and redshift from the new Bolshoi-Planck and MultiDark-Planck $Λ$CDM cosmological simulations, based on the Planck cosmological parameters. We also report the halo mass accretion rates, which may be connected with galaxy star formation rates. We show that the higher cosmological matter density of the Planck parameters compared with the WMAP parameters leads to higher abundance of massive halos at high redshifts. We find that the median halo spin parameter $λ_{\rm B} = J(2M_{\rm vir}R_{\rm vir}V_{\rm vir})^{-1}$ is nearly independent of redshift, leading to predicted evolution of galaxy sizes that is consistent with observations, while the significant decrease with redshift in median $λ_{\rm P} = J|E|^{-1/2}G^{-1}M^{-5/2}$ predicts more decrease in galaxy sizes than is observed. Using the Tully-Fisher and Faber-Jackson relations between galaxy velocity and mass, we show that a simple model of how galaxy velocity is related to halo maximum circular velocity leads to increasing overprediction of cosmic stellar mass density as redshift increases beyond redshifts $z\sim1$, implying that such velocity-mass relations must change at redshifts $z>1$. By making a realistic model of how observed galaxy velocities are related to halo circular velocity, we show that recent optical and radio observations of the abundance of galaxies are in good agreement with our $Λ$CDM simulations. Our halo demographics are based on updated versions of the \rockstar\ and \ctrees\ codes, and this paper includes appendices explaining all of their outputs. This paper is an introduction to a series of related papers presenting other analyses of the Bolshoi-Planck and MultiDark-Planck simulations.
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